circulatory

Question 1

Normal Heart Rates

Answer 1

Dog 70 – 140 bpm
Cat 100 – 200 bpm

Question 2

Volume overload causes of Heart failure

Answer 2

A/V insufficiency
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect

Question 3

Compensatory Mechanisms of heart failure

Answer 3

• Increase heart rate (sympathetic stimulation)
• Retained body fluid to increase venous return (RAAS)
• Cardiac dilation and hypertrophy

Question 4

Catecholamines

Answer 4

Are hormones( dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline).

Question 5

Endocardiosis

Answer 5

Infection of the endocardium (includes the lining of
the heart valves)

Question 6

Endocardiosis

Answer 6

Acquired condition causing degeneration of
the valves of the heart
(nodular thickening and fibrosis of the
valve leaflets)

Question 7

hypertrophy

Answer 7

Pumping harder

Question 8

Endocardiosis Common in which dogs

Answer 8

• CKCS (over represented)
• Poodles, Pekingese, Schnauzers

Question 9

Endocardiosis effects which valves

Answer 9

Often mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 10

Mitral valve endocardiosis clinical signs

Answer 10

• Left heart murmur
• Poor venous return from the
  lungs
• Pulmonary congestion
• Pulmonary oedema
• Dyspnoea, tachypnoea and
  often coughing

Question 11

Tricuspid valve endocardiosis clinical signs

Answer 11

• Right heart murmur
• Poor venous return from the
  body
• Congestion of liver, spleen
• Ascites

Question 12

LAB RAT

Answer 12

Left Atrium = Bicuspid
Right Atrium =Tricuspid

Question 13

Diuretics are used for

Answer 13

pulmonary oedema and congestion (Frusomide)

Question 14

ACE inhibitors are used for

Answer 14

vasodilator and decreases the salt and
water retention (e.g. benazepril)

Question 15

Positive inotrope are used for

Answer 15

improves contractility (e.g.
pimobendan)

Question 16

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

Diseases affecting the myocardium

Question 17

Primary or secondary Cardiomyopathy

Answer 17

Dilated cardiomyopathy in cats secondary to taurine deficiency
* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats secondary to hyperthyroidism

Question 18

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Answer 18

Results in ineffective pumping action due to dilation and thinning of myocardium

Question 19

Dilated Cardiomyopathy common in which breeds of Dogs

Answer 19

• Doberman, Irish
  Wolfhounds, Great Danes

Question 21

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Answer 21

Thickening of the heart muscle. Prevents normal filling

Question 22

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy common in cats

Answer 22

Maine Coon
*Secondary to hyperthyroidism

Question 23

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy clinical signs

Answer 23

• Tachycardia
• Dyspnoea and tachypnoea
• Heart murmur and gallop rhythm
• Signs of left sided heart failure

Question 24

Feline Acute Thromboembolism (FATE) AKA

Answer 24

saddle thrombus

Question 25

Condition where a blood clot lodges in the caudal aorta and obstruct blood flow to the hindlimbs

Answer 25

Feline Acute Thromboembolism (FATE)

Question 26

FATE clinical signs

Answer 26

Paralysis of the hind limbs * Lack of arterial pulse in the affected leg or legs * Pain * Hind limb(s) cool to the touch

Question 27

HAEMATOPOIETIC DISORDERS

Answer 27

* Anaemia * Erythrocytosis * Leucocytosis * Leucopenia * Thrombocytopenia * Neutropenia * Neutrophilia

Question 28

Regenerative Anaemia

Answer 28

Haemorrhage Haemolysis * Immune-mediated e.g. AIHA * Toxaemia

Question 29

Non regenerative Anaemia

Answer 29

Medullary disorders * Chronic disease * Renal failure

Question 30

Normocytic

Answer 30

Normal mature RBC present but not enough

Question 31

Normochromic

Answer 31

Normal haemoglobin levels

Question 32

Anaemia - Regenerative

Answer 32

Bone marrow cannot keep up with the production of RBCs

Question 33

Slide Agglutination Test

Answer 33

tests for immune mediated haemolytic anaemia

Question 34

Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopaenia

Answer 34

The body’s immune system attacks and destroys blood platelets resulting in reduced numbers of platelets in the blood vessels