circulatory system

Question 1

aorta

Answer 1

pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Question 2

vena cava

Answer 2

pumps deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Question 3

pulmonary artery

Answer 3

pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 4

pulmonary vein

Answer 4

pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 5

hepatic artery

Answer 5

pumps oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver

Question 6

hepatic vein

Answer 6

pumps deoxygenated blood from the liver to the vena cava

Question 7

hepatic portal vein

Answer 7

pumps deoxygenated blood from the gut to the liver

Question 8

mesenteric vein

Answer 8

pumps oxygenated blood from the aorta to the gut

Question 9

renal artery

Answer 9

pumps oxygenated blood from the aorta to the kidney

Question 10

renal vein

Answer 10

pumps deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the vena cava

Question 11

right hand side of the heart

Answer 11

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 12

left hand side of the heart

Answer 12

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 13

why has the left hand side of the heart got more muscle

Answer 13

allows blood to pump at high pressures so the blood can travel around the whole body

Question 14

plasma

Answer 14

straw coloured liquid that transports blood cells, glucose, amino acids, urea, co2 hormones etc

Question 15

red blood cells

Answer 15

small red cells that transport oxygen, bound to haemoglobin

Question 16

platelets

Answer 16

cell fragments, releases chemicals when blood is exposed platelets get trapped and form a clot

Question 17

phagocytes ( white blood cell )

Answer 17

larger cells which engulf and digest pathogens

Question 18

lymphocytes ( white blood cells )

Answer 18

cells with a large nucleus, make and release antibodies which bind and destroy pathogens

Question 19

how are red blood cells adapted for their job

Answer 19

• contains haemoglobin which binds to oxygen
• no nucleus means more haemoglobin can be packed in
• biconcave shape increases surface area

Question 20

artery structure

Answer 20

• thick outer wall
• thick layer of elastic
• thick layer of muscle

Question 21

artery function

Answer 21

• thick outer wall = transport blood under high pressure
• thick layer of elastic = allows artery to stretch and recoil to keep flowing at high pressure
• thick layer of muscle = helps to control flow of blood by widening and narrowing

Question 22

vein structure

Answer 22

• fairly thin outer wall
• thin layer of muscle and elastic
• semilunar valves

Question 23

vein function

Answer 23

• fairly thin outer wall = blood is flowing at low pressure so thick wall not needed
• thin layer of muscle and elastic = wall can contract to keep blood flowing
• semilunar valves = prevents backflow

Question 24

capillary structure

Answer 24

• wall is one cell thick

Question 25

capillary function

Answer 25

- wall is one cell thick = short diffusion distance for diffusion