Civilization

Question 1

What economic changes resulted from food
surpluses in agricultural villages?

Answer 1

• freed some villagers to persue other jobs
• the creation of many jobs started a social structure and an organized religion
• growth in population

Question 2

Why did the growth of civilization make
government necessary?

Answer 2

• to maintian order
• keep people in check
• leads to an organized and better civilization

Question 3

Why did a system of record-keeping
develop in civilizations?

Answer 3

• governer officials had to document
  - tax collections
  - the passage of laws
  - the storage of grain
• for preists to keep track of
  - the calendar
  - important rituals
• merchants had to record
  - accounts of debts and payments

their system of writing was called cuneiform

Question 4

Specialization

Answer 4

people specialized in jobs once there was a surplus in food

Question 5

artisan

Answer 5

skilled workers who made goods by hand
craftspeople
- created value products
- pottery
- metal objects
- woven cloth

Question 6

institution

Answer 6

a long-lasting pattern of organization in a community
- an established law, practice, or custom
- like government, religion, economy

Question 7

scribe

Answer 7

• Professional record keepers
• Invented cuneiform

Question 8

cuneiform

Answer 8

• A system of writing
• Means “wedge-shaped”

Question 9

Bronze Age

Answer 9

• “people began using bronze, rather than copper and stone, to fashion tools and weapons.”
• started in Sumer around 3000 BC

Question 10

barter

Answer 10

Trading goods and services without money

Question 11

ziggurat

Answer 11

• temple
• Monument
• Pyramid-shaped
• Means “Mountain of god”

Question 12

tools they used

Answer 12

• Hoes
• Sickles
• Plow sticks

Question 13

A civilization is defined as a complex culture with five characteristics

Answer 13

1. Advanced cities
2. Specialized workers
3. Complex institutions
4. Record keeping
5. Advanced technology

Question 14

The difference between a city and a civilization

Answer 14

• Cities were birthplaces of the first civilizations
• A city is the center of trade for a larger area

Question 15

During the old stone age

Answer 15

“prehistoric people’s religious beliefs centered around nature, animal spirits, and some idea of an afterlife.”

Question 16

During the new stone age

Answer 16

“farming peoples worshiped the many gods and goddesses who they believed had power over the rain, wind, and other forces of nature.”