CKD

Question 1

What is the definition of CKD?

Answer 1

eGFR <60 in the absence of any other kidney abnormalities or <90 if there is a known structural defect or abnormality on urinalysis.

Question 2

What age group has a lower physiological GFR?

Answer 2

<2 years old

Question 3

What are the causes of CKD in childhood?

Answer 3

1. congenital hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys
2. reflux nephropathy
3. obstructive uropathy
4. focal segmental glomerulonephritis
5. PKD

Question 4

What are the clinical features of CKD?

Answer 4

1. asymptomatic in early stages
2. as it advances - lethargy, anorexia, nausea and vomiting
3. hypertension, poor growth, anaemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcaemia

Question 5

What is the management for CKD in children?

Answer 5

1. Manage complications
2. dialysis or renal transplant
3. ensure adequate nutrition
4. supplements, EPO, iron, folic acid, vitamin D
5. recombinant SC growth hormone
6. ACEi