1
Q
what is community health nursing?
A
- a CHN works with people where they live, work, learn, worship, and play to promote health
- CHNs work in various settings such as homes, schools, workplaces, streets, shelters, field hospitals, community health centers, and outpost nursing stations
2
Q
What roles do community health nurses have (dont need to memorize)
A
- advocate
- clinician/direct care provider
- collaborator
- consultant
- counsellor
- educator
- facilitator
- health promoter/change agent
- leader
- liaison
- manager
- referral agent
- research
3
Q
What activities do community health nurses do (dont need to memorize)
A
- advocacy
- outreach
- building coalitions
- health education
- communication
- building capacity
- resource management
- care/counsel
- case management
- referral follow-up
- screening
- surveillance
- consultation
- leadership
- community development
4
Q
List the 8 Canadian CHN Standards of Practice
A
- health promotion
- prevention and health protection
- health maintenance, restoration, and palliation
- professional relationships
- capacity building
- healthy equity
- evidence informed practice
- professional responsibility and accountability
5
Q
What are the key aspects of the Canadian CHN Standard of Practice
A
- Standards 1-3 = standards of promoting health
- standards 4-8 = help us achieve standards 1-3
6
Q
Describe Standard 1, health promotion
A
- seek to ID and assess the root and historical causes
- integrate health promotion into practice using the 5 Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies
- include culture safety and cultural humility approaches
- evaluate and modify health promotion activities in partnership w/ client
7
Q
Describe Standard 2, prevention & health protection
A
- apply appropriate level of prevention to improve health
- use prevention and protection approaches w/ client to ID risk factors and to address issues
8
Q
Quaternary level of prevention:
A
an action taken to protect individuals (persons/pts) from medical interventions that are likely to cause more harm than good
ex: reviewing meds to ensure no over prescribing
9
Q
Describe Standard 3, health maintenance, restoration & palliation
A
- use range of intervention strategies… to promote self-management of disease, maximize function, enhance quality of life
- support life transitions
10
Q
Describe Standard 4, professional relationships
A
- establish, build and nurture professional and therapeutic relationship; optimizing participation, and self-determination of client
- builds a network of relationships and partnerships to address health issues and promote healthy public policy to advance healthy equity
11
Q
Describe Standard 5, capacity building
A
- focus on recognizing barriers to health and to mobilize and build on existing strengths
- support client to build their capacity to advocate for themselves
- use comprehensive mix strategies… to build community capacity to take action on priority issues
12
Q
Describe Standard 6, health equity
A
- recognize the impacts of the determinants of health; focus is to advance health equity at an individual and societal level
- understand historical injustice, inequitable power relations, institutionalized and interpersonal racism and their impact on health and healthcare
- refer, coordinate and facilitate client access to universal and equitable health promoting services
13
Q
Describe Standard 7, evidence-based practice
A
- consider best available research evidence, and other factors such as client contexts and preferences, and available resources
- understand and use knowledge translation strategies to integrate high-quality research into clinical practice, education and research
14
Q
Describe Standard 8, professional responsibility & accountability
A
- assess and identify unsafe, unethical, illegal or socially unacceptable circumstances and take preventative or correction action to protect the client
- recognize ethical dilemmas and apply ethical principles, and CNA code of ethics
- use reflective practice to continually assess, and improve personal community health nursing practice including cultural safety and humility
15
Q
What are five Ottawa Charters
A
- building healthy public policy
- creating supportive environment
- reorienting health services
- developing personal skills
- strengthening community action
16
Q
health education vs health promotion
A
- Health education: planned learning experiences to provide knowledge, skills, and attitudes to adopt and maintain healthy behaviours
- Health promotion: planned educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support health
** Health promotion is broader than health education; health education is more individualized
17
Q
what is part of the continuum of empowering strategies?
A
- personal empowerment
- small group development
- community organization
- coalition advocacy
- political action
18
Q
what theories/models focus on the individual:
A
- theory of planned behaviour (TPB)
- transtheoretical (stages of change) model
- health belief model (HBM)
19
Q
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
A
- predicts health behavior on the basis of three factors: personal attitude toward the behavior, the subjective norm regarding the behavior, and perceived degree of control over the behavior
- a person’s intention to act is the most immediate determine of behaviour
20
Q
Transtheoretical Model
A
- Model of behavior change that identifies six distinct stages people go through in altering behavior patterns; also called the stages of change model
- behaviour change is a process, not an event; people have varying levels of readiness to change
21
Q
Describe the stages of change in the Transtheoretical model?
A
- pre-contemplation: build awareness for my need to change
- contemplation: increase my pros for change/ decrease my cons
- preparation: commit and plan
- action: implement and revise my plan
- maintenance: integrate change into my lifestyle
- termination (stable behaviour)
- relapses happen
22
Q
Name the 6 stages of change in the Transtheoretical model
A
- pre-contemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
- termination
- relapses happen
23
Q
Health Belief Model
A
- Addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors; belief may influence behaviour
- focus is on motivation to change/engage in health-promoting behaviour
- addresses an individual’s perception of the threat posed by a health problem, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act
24
Q
what theories/models focus on the change in communities:
A
- diffusion of innovation
- community mobilization framework
25
Diffusion of innovation
- explains how new ideas are adopted by communities
- Focuses on different categories of adopters based on time it takes to adopt innovation
26
Diffusion of innovation, conditions necessary for adoption of innovation:
- Compatibility
- flexibility
- simplicity
- trial-ability
- advantageousness
- observability
- cost efficiency
27
Diffusion of Innovation, 5 style
- innovators
- early adapters
- early majority
- late majority
- laggards
28
community mobilization framework, three health promotion approaches to bring about community change:
- social planning (task orientated)
- locality/community development (process orientated)
- social action (process and task oriented)
29
community mobilization framework, social planning
(task oriented): focus on problem solving; relies heavily on experts
30
community mobilization framework, locality/community development
(process oriented): focus on developing group identity, cohesion; focus on building capacity
31
community mobilization framework, social action
(process and task oriented): goals to increase community's capacity to solve issues + achieve concrete changes that redress social injustices
32
community mobilization framework
A community development approach where community members identify the issues affecting their community that require capacity building skills to bring about a needed change
33
What are common elements in community based theories/models
- empowerment
- community capacity
- participation
- relevance
- issue selection
- critical consciousness
34
what theories/models focus on the health public policy:
- Millio's Framework
- Weiss's Models of policy development
+ Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
35
Millios framework
- stages and influences on the development and implementation of healthy public policy
- identified non-linear stages of, and influences on, healthy public policy development and implementation
36
Weiss's model of policy development
Evidence used in a variety of ways to lead, justify, support developmental of healthy public policy
37
Weiss's model of policy development believes that development of health public policy can be...
- knowledge drive: research knowledge rapidly accepted into policy development
- problem solving: mechanisms during decision making process include collection and consideration of evidence
- interactive: evidence is collected from a variety of sources; knowledge from research, experience, political situation, etc.
- political: evidence is used to justify a pre-determined position
- tactical: preferable data used (cherry-picking)
38
Two-eyed seeing approach
Framework that combines the strengths of both Indigenous and Western knowledge, acknowledging that no single perspective is better.
39
what are the key public health concepts
- social justice
- population health
- epidemiology
- health promotion and prevention
- ethics
- commitment to community
- health equity
40
what is health public policy?
policies outside the health sector that promote health of individuals/communities by:
- making it easier for people to adopt healthy practices
- making it harder for people to adopt unhealthy practices
- creating healthy physical and social environments
41
what theories/models focus on the system level
- population health promotion model
- complexity science theory
- social ecological theory
- critical social theory
- intersectionality
42
what are HP strategies focused on changing behaviour
- health education
- health communication
- social marketing
- regulatory measures
43
What are the 4 P's of marketing?
Product, Price, Place, Promotion
44
what are the 6 essential benchmarks for marketing health
product, price, place, promotion, policy change, people
45
HO strategies focused on changing the community, environment, or policy
- Ottawa Charter strategies
- empowering strategies
NURS 4540
flashcards
Decks in class (12)
# Cards
-
Class 151
-
Class 245
-
Class 325
-
Class 5 - Community Health62
-
Class 5 - Epidemiology67
-
Class 6 - ethics19
-
Class 7 - advocacy, policy, & collab53
-
Class 8 - vaccines preventable diseases31
-
Class 9 - communicable diseases57
-
Class 10 - Chronic Disease & Injury Prevention22
-
Class 11 - global, environmental health55
-
Class 12 - Issues in Population Health12
