Class 6 - ethics

Question 1

What are sources of ethics?

Answer 1

• family
• peers
• religion
• culture
• society
• profession
• personal experiences

Question 2

Explain how the sources of ethics that contribute to one’s beliefs and values could be in opposition to the scope of ethics for RNs?

Answer 2

Natural intersection and places of agreement exist between the various sources; however, they can also conflict with each other, creating competing beliefs and inconsistency in the way we approach ethical issues

Question 3

Define social justice

Answer 3

• the view that everyone deserves equal rights and opportunities; including the right to good health
• Assumes all societies experience broad, systemic oppression and inequities (racism, classism, sexism, and heterosexism) which affect some people more than others

Question 4

What are the 10 attributes of social justice?

Answer 4

• equity (including health equity)
• human rights (including right to health)
• democracy and civil rights
• capacity building
• just institutions
• enabling environments
• poverty reduction
• ethical practice
• advocacy
• partnerships

Question 5

What are bioethics

Answer 5

• health care ethics
• Refers to the study of ethical issues that are related to health and healthcare
• Bioethics and nursing ethics have made use of a range of ethical theories and approaches, including deontology, utilitarianism, casuistry, principlism, virtue ethics, and feminist ethics

Question 6

What are specific ethical concepts from a community perspective?

Answer 6

• Areas of community practice such as health promotion, prevention and health protection, and health maintenance, restoration, and palliation
• specific areas of ethical and legal concern as they relate to capacity building, access and equity, and professional responsibility and accountability

Question 7

What is the scope of ethics?

Answer 7

• societal
• organizational
• bioethics/clinical
• professional
• personal

Question 8

What 4 ethical principles does Upshur describe?

Answer 8

• Autonomy: capacity of individuals to decide for themselves what sort of things they want or don’t want in a medical context
• Beneficence: ability to do good
• Non-maleficence: not to harm others
• Justice

Question 9

What is public health ethics?

Answer 9

• difference from medical ethics
• Broader focus on issues related to justice, because justice relates to what is due to different groups of people within a society

Question 10

What are the domains in the entry to Practice Public Health Nursing Competencies for Undergraduate Nursing Education

Answer 10

• Domain 1 - public health sciences in nursing practice
• Domain 2 - population and community health assessment and analysis
• Domain 3 - population health planning, implementation, and evaluation
• Domain 4 - partnerships, collaboration and advocacy
• Domain 5 - communication in public health nursing

Question 11

CCHN Standard of Practice, expected areas of practice

Answer 11

• Health promotion
• Prevention and health protection
• Health maintenance, restoration, and palliation
• Professional relationship
• Capacity building
• Health equity
• Evidence informed practice
• Professional responsibility and accountability

Question 12

Five Justification for Public Health Programs and Policies

Answer 12

• Overall benefit
• Collective action and efficiency
• Fairness in the distribution of burdens
• The harm principle
• Paternalism

Question 13

Five Justifications for Public Health Programs and Policies , overall benefit

Answer 13

relies on stats that indicate that regulations, in general, benefit society

Question 14

Five Justification for Public Health Programs and Policies, Collective action and efficiency

Answer 14

recognizes that health as a public good requires that government institutions make decisions about health and safety given that all individuals cannot possess the expertise to make these decisions, nor would it be efficient for them to do so

Question 15

Five Justification for Public Health Programs and Policies, Fairness in the distribution of burdens

Answer 15

such as those associated with disease, disability, or public health interventions

Question 16

Five Justifications for Public Health Programs and Policies, The Harm Principle

Answer 16

establishes the initial justification for restricting the liberty of people in a democratic society

Question 17

Five Justifications for Public Health Programs and Policies, paternalism

Answer 17

the interference of a person’s liberty of action to promote his or her welfare, although normally this interference is only mild

Question 18

What are the steps for ethical analysis?

Answer 18

• description: understanding the public health intervention and its context
• specification: adjusting and adapting the normative criteria
• evaluation: analyzing the intervention using the criteria
• synthesis: evaluating the public health intervention
• generating recommendations based on analysis
• monitoring: following up w/ ongoing evaluation

Question 19

What are the 7 procedural conditions for public health interventions to be implemented thoroughly and fairly?

Answer 19

• transparency
• consistency
• reasonable explanation
• public participation
• managing conflicts of interest
• openness to revision
• managing adherence to conditions