Class 4 - ethics

Question 1

define ethics

Answer 1

• ethical principle is a general guide, basic truth, or assumption that can used with judgment to help determine a course of action
• code of values and moral principles that guide individual and group behaviour

Question 2

Define autonomy

Answer 2

patients must be treated in a way that respects their self-determination by expressing their wishes and making informed choices about their treatment

Question 3

Define beneficence

Answer 3

obligation to do good by acting in ways that promote the welfare and best interests of others

Question 4

Define non-maleficence

Answer 4

directs us to act in ways that avoid harm to others, including even the risk of harm

Question 5

Define justice

Answer 5

treating people equitability, fairly, and appropriately

Question 6

What is ethics of duty?

Answer 6

• based on deontology
• taking an action because it is the right thing to do
• moral duties are seen as self-evident, needing no further justification
• Moral action is then based on acting according to a specific duty simply because it is the right thing to do

Question 7

What does moral distress look like?

Answer 7

nurse knows the right thing to do, but can’t do it because of organizational constraints

Question 8

Define ethical leadership, according to Brown et al

Answer 8

• demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships
• the promotion of such conduct through 2 way communication, reinforcement and decision making

Question 9

What are ethics of consequences?

Answer 9

• Based on a teleological view
• moral actions are defined entirely on the basis of the outcomes or consequences of an action

Question 10

What are ethics of character?

Answer 10

• Virtue ethics
• Relies on the character of the individual as the primary source of moral action

Question 11

What are ethics of relationship?

Answer 11

Emphasize relationship, focused on the nature and obligations inherent in human relationships and community

Question 12

What are goals of ethical leadership

Answer 12

• explicitly state the ethical dimension of every managerial decision
• formulate & justify ethical principles used in decision making

Question 13

What do ethical leaders do?

Answer 13

• role model
• communicate & justify their actions to followers
• set ethical standards for the organization
• consider ethical consequences of their decision and try to be fair

Question 14

What are the principles of ethical leaders?

Answer 14

• serve followers
• attempts to balance stakeholder interests
• develops vision based on input
• acts consistently with stated values
• willing to take personal risks & make decisions
• shares info about decisions
• encourages critical evaluation to solve problems
• uses coaching & mentoring to develop followers

Question 15

Which key documents are used to help ethical leadership with decision making?

Answer 15

• Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics
• International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics

Question 16

What are the principles of the CNA Code of Ethics

Answer 16

• provide safe, compassionate, competent & ethical care
• promote health & wellbeing
• promote respect & informed decision making
• preserve dignity
• maintain privacy & confidentiality
• promote justice
• be accountable

Question 17

What are organizational ethics

Answer 17

• also known as business ethics
• the values, principles, and standards that guide the individual and group behaviour of the people in an organization

Question 18

Within organizational ethics, what are ethical issues encountered by administration

Answer 18

• standards of practice
• treatment of employees
• resource allocation
• creating a positive moral climate

Question 19

What are the steps in ethical decision making (IDEA framework cycle)

Answer 19

• identify the facts
  (empowerment, publicity)
• determine the relevant ethical principle
  (relevance)
• explore the options & choose one
  (revisions & appeals)
• act
  (compliance)

Question 20

What are the five conditions within the IDEA framework

Answer 20

• empowerment
• publicity
• relevance
• revisions & appeals
• compliance (enforcement)

Question 21

What are boundary violations

Answer 21

occurs when the client’s needs are no longer the focus of the therapeutic relationship

Question 22

What are examples of activities that may violate boundaries of a therapeutic relationship?

Answer 22

• accepting gifts from clients
• self-disclosure
• commencing a social relationship with a former client
• entering a therapeutic relationship with fam, friends, or acquaintances