Class Notes - Cells and Tissues

Question 1

what is the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 1

maintains compartments
separates intra - from extra - cellular
regulating

Question 2

what is cytoplasm

Answer 2

all non-nuclear components and other organelles

Question 3

what is the cytoskeleton

Answer 3

not an organells 
bits of highly organized protein of the cytoplasm
maintain shape and support 
move things around 
dynamic

Question 4

mitochondria

Answer 4

produce ATP (energy of the cell) 
-> adenosine Triphosphate

Question 5

ER and ribosomes

Answer 5

make proteins (mRNA attach to ribosome -> synthesis) 
then package and transport 
creates phospholipids

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

packaging and sorting of things made in cells

Question 7

vesicles

Answer 7

storage, enzymes, secretions degrading

things that end in -some

Question 8

what is the structure of the plasma membrane

Answer 8

semipermeable barrier enclosing the cytoplasm and nucleus of cell
bilayer of phospholipid molecules

Question 9

functions of membrane proteins

Answer 9

• several forms and functions

- free to move across the membrane

Question 10

functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 10

regulates molecular exchange between the intra and extracellular fluid

• ion channels
• transporters
• receptors
• attachment (physically anchor cells)
• recognition (immune system (blood groups)
• enzymes (physically or chemically regulate chemical reactions

Question 11

what is a tissue

Answer 11

group of cells with common embryonic origin and function

Question 12

4 basic types of tissues

Answer 12

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 13

epithelial tissue function and origin

Answer 13

• divides body into compartments, lines tubes and covers surfaces
• derived from all three embryonic germ layers

Question 14

connective tissue function and origin

Answer 14

• hold things together and provide support

- mesodermal in origin

Question 15

muscle tissue function and origin

Answer 15

• movement
• excitable tissue-can generate and conduct an electric signal
• from mesoderm

Question 16

nervous tissue function and origin

Answer 16

• control and communication
• excitable
• ectodermal origin

Question 17

what are the cell junctions

Answer 17

tight junctions 
adherens junctions 
desmosomes 
hemidesmosomes 
gap junctions

Question 18

properties of tight junctions

Answer 18

• continual seal around cell
• prevent paracellular transport
• impermeable junctions
• prevent molecules from passing between cells

Question 19

properties of adherence junctions

Answer 19

hold cells together

Question 20

properties of desmosomes

Answer 20

added strength

• anchoring junctions
• bind adjacent cells together
• help keep cells from tearing apart

Question 21

properties of hemidesmosomes

Answer 21

anchor basement membrane

Question 22

properties of gap junctions

Answer 22

communicating junctions

• form tunnel/passage vary for things to move
• ions and small molecules can move from cell to cell

Question 23

more details on epithelial tissue organization and properties

Answer 23

• covers surfaces, lines cavities/tubes and forms glands
• polarized (apical/baso)
• no blood vessels/nerves
• constantly replacing

Question 24

possible shapes of epithelial tissue

Answer 24

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 25

number of layers of epithelial tissue

Answer 25

simple, stratified, pseudo stratified, transitional