Class Notes - Tissues and Integument

Question 1

more details about the connective tissue

Answer 1

general functions

• provide support and strength to other tissues
• compartmentalize organs
• protect and insulate
• store energy in fat form
• house immune cells

Question 2

differences of connective tissue and epithelial tissues

Answer 2

ct - cells within abundant extracellular matrix

ct - highly vascularized and innervated

Question 3

what are the 4 types of mature connective tissue?

what is their embryonic origin?

Answer 3

• connective tissue proper (loose and dense)
• cartilage
• bone
• liquid
• mesoderm

Question 4

what are the types of Loose connective tissue?

Answer 4

Areolar
Adipose
reticular

Question 5

characteristics of areolar connective tissue

Answer 5

• wide spread
• surrounded by nerves
• aka mesentery
• 3 types of fibers

Question 6

what are the 3 types of fibers found in areolar CT?

Answer 6

collagen
elastic
rectangular

Question 7

characteristics of adipose connective tissue

Answer 7

(adipocytes - fat cells)

usually categorized as a different type of CT

Question 8

characteristics of reticular connective tissue

Answer 8

lots of fiber found here

Question 9

what are the types of DENSE CT?

Answer 9

irregular
regular
elastic

Question 10

what are the 2 principle layers of the skin

Answer 10

epidermis

dermis

Question 11

what makes up the integument?

Answer 11

skin + hypodermis

Question 12

• Basic structure and features of the epidermis

Answer 12

• many layers
• 4 types of cells
• mostly keratinocytes

Question 13

• Basic structure and features of the dermis

Answer 13

• all CT - papillary (v narrow)

- reticular layer - dense irregular Ct

Question 14

• Basic structure and features of the hypodermis

Answer 14

mostly fat

Question 15

what are the cells found in the epidermis?

Answer 15

keratinocytes
melanocytes
tactile epithelial (Merkel) cells
dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Question 16

what are the functions of Keratinocytes?

Answer 16

make keratin

- found in all layers of the skin

Question 17

what are the functions of melanocytes

Answer 17

produce melanin -> keratinocytes

Question 18

what are the functions of tactile epithelial cells

Answer 18

aka Merkel cells

• specialized epithelial cells
• sensitive to light touch

Question 19

what are the functions of dendritic cells

Answer 19

• aka Langerhans cells, Macrophages
• branched cells
• resident macrophages

Question 20

what are the 4 layers of skin?

Answer 20

Stratum basale
Stratum spinous
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum

Question 21

Properties of the stratum basale

Answer 21

• attached to dermis
• contains actively dividing cells
• melanocytes found here + tactile cells
• single layer
• bottom layer

Question 22

Properties of the stratum spinosum

Answer 22

• 5-10 layers of cells
• produce bundles of keratin -> take on spiny shape
• dendrites

Question 23

Properties of the stratum granulosum

Answer 23

• very thin or 3-6 layers of cells

- keratonohyalin (water proofing)

Question 24

Properties of the stratum corner

Answer 24

• dead cells
• no nucleus
• empty sacs of keratin

Question 25

Properties of the stratum lucidum

Answer 25

5th layer in thick skin - somewhat transparent dead skin layer - found between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum