Classification

Question 1

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 1

A method of separating fragments of proteins or nucleic acids based on their electrical charge and size

Question 2

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 2

model used to show the relationships between different groups of organisms

Question 3

Endosymbionts

Answer 3

Organisms that live inside the cells or the body of another organism

Question 4

Monera

Answer 4

A kingdom in the five-kingdom classification system that contains the Archaea and Eubacteria

Question 5

Molecular phylogeny

Answer 5

The analysis of the genetic material of organisms to establish their evolutionary relationships

Question 6

Morphological species model

Answer 6

A species definition based solely on the appearance of the organisms observed

Question 7

Mate-recognition species model

Answer 7

A species definition based on unique fertilisation systems, including mating behaviour

Question 8

DNA sequencing

Answer 8

The process by which the base sequences of all or part of the genome of an organism is worked out

Question 9

DNA profiling

Answer 9

the process by which the non-coding areas of DNA are analysed to identify patterns

Question 11

Biodiversity

Answer 11

A measure of the variety of living organisms and their genetic differences

Question 12

Evolution

Answer 12

The process by which natural selection acts on variation to bring about adaptations and eventually speciation

Question 13

Taxonomy

Answer 13

The science of describing, classifying and naming living organisms

Question 14

Morphology

Answer 14

The study of the form and structure of organisms

Question 15

Analogous features

Answer 15

Features that look similar or have a similar function, but are not from the same biological origin

Question 16

Homologous structures

Answer 16

Structures that genuinely show common ancestry

Question 17

Domains

Answer 17

The three largest classification categories: the Eukaryota, the Bacteria and the Archaea

Question 18

Kingdom

Answer 18

The classification category smaller than domains; there are six kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

Question 19

Phylum (division, for plants)

Answer 19

A group of classes that all share common characteristics

Question 20

Class

Answer 20

A group of orders that all share common characteristics

Question 21

Order

Answer 21

A group of families that all share common characteristics

Question 22

Family

Answer 22

A group of genera that all share common characteristics

Question 23

Genus

Answer 23

A group of species that all share common characteristics

Question 24

Species

Answer 24

A group of closely related organisms that are all potentially capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring