Cleft/Dentition

Question 1

Genetic Abnormality
(something
wrong with
the genes)

Answer 1

1. Autosomal Dominant
   inheritance in some
   syndromes.
2. Recessive genetic
   inheritance in some
   syndromes.
3. X linked
   inheritance in some
   syndromes. Chromosomal
   abnormalities

Question 2

Environmental Factors (outside of uterus)

Answer 2

1. Fetal alcohol syndrome
2. Illegal drug use
3. Side effects of some
   prescription drugs
4. Rubella

Question 3

Mechanical Factors (things that
happen inside the uterus)

Answer 3

1. Intrauterine crowding
2. Twinning
3. Uterine Tumor
4. Amniotic Ruptures

Question 4

Class I Malocclusion

Answer 4

1. An overlap of upper teeth
   over the lower teeth.
2. Due to prolonged
   bottle use or thumb
   sucking in childhood.
   Doesn’t affect your bite
   that much and can be fixed
   with minor malocclusion
   treatment.

Question 5

Class II Malocclusion

Answer 5

1. Overbite
2. The upper teeth stick out
   over lower teeth.
3. Severe enough to affect
   your bite significantly. It
   needs early orthodontic
   intervention.

Question 6

Class III Malocclusion

Answer 6

Type of underbite where
the lower teeth stick out
over the upper teeth.

Question 7

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
(VPI)

Answer 7

1. abnormal structure
2. Structural defects resulting in
   insufficient tissue to accomplish closure. Needs surgery
3. Cleft palate, Down syndrome, large tonsils, can develop after surgery to remove the adenoids, glands in the roof of the mouth that sometimes have to be removed if they grow too large or brain injury caused by a stroke

Question 8

Velopharyngeal Incompetence

Answer 8

1. abnormal movement
2. inadequate movement
   of the velopharyngeal
   structures is usually due to a
   neurological disorder or
   injury (as in cerebral palsy
   or traumatic brain injury)

Question 9

Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM)

Answer 9

1. 1 week - 3 months
2. Gradually brings the lip and
   palate together, improving
   nasal symmetry

Question 10

Cleft Lip Repair

Answer 10

1. 3 to 6 months
2. Repairs the separation of
   the lip, realigns lip muscles,
   and often includes primary
   nasal repair.
   - First surgical step

Question 11

Cleft Palate Repair (Palatoplasty)

Answer 11

1. 9 to 18 months
2. Repairs the roof of the mouth, allowing for normal eating, speaking, and swallowing. It
   involves closing the palate in layers and realigning the palatal muscles

Question 12

Alveolar Bone Graft and Fistula
Repair

Answer 12

1. 6 to 9 years
2. Creates a complete dental arch and closes any fistulas (openings) between the gum and nose.

Question 13

Palatal Expansion

Answer 13

1. 5 to 7 years
2. Prepares the child for subsequent bone grafting by widening the palate.

Question 14

Complete Cleft Lip

Answer 14

Extends from the lip to the nose.

Question 15

Incomplete Cleft Lip

Answer 15

Does not reach the nose.

Question 16

Unilateral Cleft Lip

Answer 16

Occurs on one side of the lip.

Question 17

Bilateral

Answer 17

Occurs on both sides of the lip.

Question 18

Unilateral Alveolar Cleft

Answer 18

Affects one side of the alveolar ridge.

Question 19

Bilateral Alveolar Cleft

Answer 19

Affects both sides of the alveolar ridge.

Question 20

Median Alveolar Cleft

Answer 20

Occurs centrally on the alveolar ridge.

Question 21

Submucous Alveolar Cleft

Answer 21

Bone or muscle does not fuse, but covered by mucosa.

Question 22

Soft Palate Cleft

Answer 22

Affects the muscular back part of the palate.

Question 23

Hard Palate Cleft

Answer 23

Affects the bony front part of the palate.

Question 24

Submucous Cleft

Answer 24

Covered by mucosa, affecting either soft or hard palate.

Question 25

Pharyngeal Flap

Answer 25

1. Secondary palatal surgery to reduce hypernasality. 2. A muscular flap from the posterior pharyngeal wall is raised and attached to the velum.

Question 26

Pharyngoplasty

Answer 26

1. Procedure to help close the velopharyngeal port. 2. Implantation/injection of materials like Teflon, silicone, dacron wool/silicone gel bag, or cartilage into the posterior pharyngeal wall.