Phonological Processes

Question 1

Gliding (Substitution Process)

Answer 1

1. substitution of a liquid (r, l) for a glide (w,y)
2. ex. “weg” for “leg”.
3. age of elimination 6 years

Question 2

Fronting (Substitution Process)

Answer 2

1. front consonant is used in place of a back consonant
2. example “top” for “cop”
3. eliminated @ 3.5 - 4 years

Question 3

Stopping (Substitution Process)

Answer 3

1. stop consonant used in place of a fricative/affricate
2. example “pan” for “fan”
3. eliminated @ 4.5 years

Question 4

Depalatalization

Answer 4

1. non -palatal is used in place of a palatal
2. example “fit” for “fish”
3. eliminated @ 5 years

Question 5

Deaffrication (Substitution Process)

Answer 5

1. non -affricate is used in place of an affricate
2. example “share” for “chair”
3. eliminated @ 4 years

Question 6

Backing (substitution process)

Answer 6

1. back sound is used instead of a front sound
2. example “goggy” for “doggy”
3. atypical process

Question 7

Vowelization (substitution process)

Answer 7

1. vowel is used in place of “l” or “er”
2. example “papo” for “paper”
3. eliminated @ 6 years

Question 8

Reduplication (assimilation process)

Answer 8

1. repetition of complete/incomplete syllables
2. example “wawa” for “water”
3. eliminated @ 3 years

Question 9

Denasalization (assimilation process)

Answer 9

1. nasal consonant is replaced by a non-nasal
2. example “boze” for “nose”
3. eliminated @ 2.5 years

Question 10

Prevocalic Voicing (assimilation process)

Answer 10

1. voiceless consonant is replaced by voiced
2. example “gup” for “cup”
3. eliminated @ 6 years

Question 11

Coalescence (assimilation)

Answer 11

1. two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme that has similar features
2. example “foon” for “spoon”
3. eliminated by 6 years

Question 12

Cluster Reduction (syllable structure process)

Answer 12

1. consonant cluster reduced to singleton
2. example “top” for “stop”
3. eliminated @ 5 years

Question 13

Weak Syllable Deletion (syllable structure processes)

Answer 13

1. weak syllable in word is omitted
2. example “nana” for “banana”
3. eliminated @ 4 years

Question 14

Epenthesis (syllable structure)

Answer 14

1. sound is added between two consonants
2. example “buh-loo” for “blue”
3. eliminated by 8 years

Question 15

Final Consonant Deletion

Answer 15

1. final consonant is left off
2. example “no” for “nose”
3. eliminated by 3 years

Question 16

Initial Consonant Deletion (syllable structure )

Answer 16

1. initial consonant is left off
2. example “arm” for “farm”
3. atypical process

Question 17

Metathesis

Answer 17

1. two consonants within a syllable are reordered
2. example “puck” for “cup”
3. atypical process