what’s the MOA of allopurinol?
Inhibits xanthine oxidase.
when should allopurinol be started for gout?
2 weeks after initial attack
what is an example of a depolarising muscle relaxant?
Suxamethonium
side effects of Suxamethonium?
Adverse effects include hyperkalaemia, malignant hyperthermia and lack of acetylcholinesterase
what is the antidote for non depolarising muscle relaxants such as Atracurium, Vecuronium, Pancuronium?
Neostigmine
how does cyanide poisoning occur?
inhalation of burnt plastic, cyanide inhibits the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase resulting in cessation of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain
how does cyanide poisoning present?
features: brick-red skin, smell of bitter almonds
acute: hypoxia, hypotension, headache, confusion
chronic: ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, dermatitis
what is the management of cyanide poisoning?
100% oxygen
definitvE: hydroxocobalamin (IV), combination of inhaled amyl nitrate or iv sodium nitrate with sodium thiosulfate (IV)
