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Question 1

what causes Bartter’s Syndrome?

Answer 1

Autosomal recessive
causes severe hypokalaemia due to defective chloride absorption at the NKCC2 in the ascending loop of hence

Question 2

what are the features of bartters syndrome?

Answer 2

usually presents in childhood eg failure to thrive
polyuria, polydipsia
hypokalaemia
normotension
weakness

Question 3

which antibodies are present in hashimotos thyroiditis

Answer 3

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies

Question 4

which antibodies are present in graves disease?

Answer 4

anti- TSH antibodies

Question 5

what is Gitelman’s syndrome?

Answer 5

Gitelman’s syndrome is a renal tubular disorder characterised by hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria and hypomagnesaemia.

Question 6

what causes Gitelaman’s syndrome?

Answer 6

defect in the thiazide-sensitive Na+ Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule.