1
Q
Define Operational Necessity.
A
A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which the consequences of an action justify accepting the risk of loss of aircraft and crew.
2
Q
What are the 12 items requiring Operational Necessity in CNAF?
A
(PPPWSCTRPAFI)
1. Night ship launches and recoveries with passengers.
- Transferring PIC authority and responsibility during flight.
- Not submitting a flight plan prior to flying.
- Flying through a weather watch.
- Flying Special VFR with weather below 500’ and 1 mile.
- Taking off without operable communication, navigation, and/or identification equipment required for flight.
- Terrain flights (low level, contour, NOE) outside of training and dedicated ranges.
- Overwater flights with passenger count exceeding life raft capacity.
- Exceeding persons required for pilot checkout, night fam, carrier qualification, single-piloted instrument, and FCF flights.
- Exceeding CNAF guidance on human performance and aeromedical qualifications.
- Deviating from FAR.
- Intentionally entering IMC while operating on a VFR flight plan and not under positive control.
3
Q
List the requirements to be a HAC.
A
To be qualified as a Helicopter Aircraft Commander, the NATOPS manual shall establish the designation for the particular model, and an individual shall:
- Have completed the requirements for and posses to an advanced degree, the knowledge, proficiency, and capabilities of a second pilot.
- Have a minimum of 500 total flight hours. Simulator hours flown as part of a formal helicopter syllabus may be credited for up to 10%.
- Have 150 flight hours in rotary-wing aircraft.
- Have pilot hours in class and model required by the CO or higher authority and demonstrate the proficiency and judgement required to ensure the successful accomplishment of all tasks of the unit mission.
- Demonstrate ability to command and train the officers and enlisted members of the flight crew.
- Demonstrate the qualities of leadership required to conduct advanced base or detached unit operations as OIC when such duty is required as part of the units mission or method of operation.
4
Q
Explain deviation from CNAF?
A
In the tactical environment, military exigency may require on-site deviations from instructions/procedures contained here.
The risk of deviation must continually be weighed against the benefit of deviating from this manual.
Deviation from specified flight and operating instructions is authorized in emergency situations when, in judgement of the PIC, safety justifies such a deviation.
5
Q
What is the Purpose/Scope of CNAF?
A
This manual prescribes general flight and operating instructions and procedures applicable to the operation of all naval aircraft and related activities.
This manual is not intended to cover every contingency that may arise and every rule of safety and good practice.
To achieve maximum value, the contents of all directives cited must be studied and understood.
6
Q
Define Risk.
A
An expression of possible loss in terms of severity and probability.
7
Q
Define Hazard.
A
A condition with the potential to cause personnel injury or death, property damage, or mission degradation.
8
Q
Define Intent.
A
Lack of intent does not in itself constitute absence of culpability. One can be so grossly negligent as to equate omission with commission. The question is whether the PIC or Formation Lead could reasonably have been expected to avoid the violation.
9
Q
Define Flight Time.
A
For helicopters, a flight begins when the aircraft lifts from a rest point or commences ground taxi.
It ends after airborne flight when the rotors are disengaged or the aircraft has been stationary for 5 minutes with rotors engaged.
10
Q
Define Night Time.
A
The portion of pilot time during darkness (i.e., between the official time of sunset and sunrise) on the surface, below the aircraft in flight, regardless of whether visual or instrument conditions exist.
11
Q
Define Instrument Time.
A
The portion of pilot time in either day or night under actual or simulated instrument conditions.
12
Q
Define ORM.
A
The process of dealing with the risk associated with military operations, which include risk assessment, risk decision making, and implementation of effective risk controls.
13
Q
Define CRM.
A
The use of specifically defined behavioral skills as an integral part of every flight to improve mission effectiveness by minimizing crew preventable errors, maximizing crew coordination, and optimizing risk management.
14
Q
What are the 4 guiding principles of ORM?
A
- Accept risk when benefits outweigh the costs.
- Accept no unnecessary risk.
- Anticipate and manage risk by planning.
- Make risk decisions at the right level.
15
Q
What are the 5 steps in the ORM process?
A
- Identify Hazards
- Assess Hazards
- Make Risk Decisions
- Implement Controls
- Supervise
16
Q
What are the 3 Levels of ORM?
A
- Time-Critical
- Deliberate
- In-Depth
17
Q
What are the 7 Critical Behavior Skills?
A
- Decision Making
- Assertiveness
- Mission Analysis
- Communication
- Leadership
- Adaptability/Flexibility
- Situational Awareness
18
Q
Define Reporting Custodian. Who is ours?
A
An organizational unit of the lowest echelon of command accepting responsibility (involving accountability to CNO) for aircraft as designated either by CNO or by the controlling custodian of the aircraft.
The CO of HSM-79 is our Reporting Custodian.
19
Q
Define Controlling Custodian. Who is ours?
A
The command exercising administrative control of assignment, employment, and logistical support of aircraft.
Commodore of HSMWL.
20
Q
Define Officer in Tactical Command (OTC).
A
The senior officer present eligible to assume command or the officer to who has been delegated tactical command.
21
Q
Define Officer in Tactical Command (OTC) Embarked.
A
Wing, group, or squadron commander, if embarked on a mission involving aircraft of their command, retains full authority and responsibility regarding command, including the mission in which participating.
22
Q
Explain Flag or General Officer Embarked.
A
The PIC of an aircraft with a Flag or General Officer eligible for command at sea or in the field embarked as a passenger shall be subject to the orders of such Flag or General Officer in accordance with U.S. Navy Regulations.
When such an embarked passenger exercises authority to command the aircraft, that passenger thereby assumes full responsibility for the safe and orderly conduct of the flight.
The embarked passenger shall give due consideration to the judgement of the PIC regarding items of flight safety such as hazardous weather and aircraft/aircrew limitations.
Flying rule violations, accident reports, and any other actions arising out of the flight will be referred to the embarked passenger as the responsible commander of the aircraft.
23
Q
Can an OTC or Flag/General Officer physically pilot the aircraft?
A
OTC and Flag/General Officers shall not circumvent normal NATOPS qualification requirements in regards to physically piloting the aircraft.
Flights that require a NATOPS-qualified crew shall not be physically piloted by any individual not so qualified.
24
Q
Define PIC.
A
The pilot of an individual aircraft assigned the responsibility for safe and orderly conduct of the flight and well being of the crew. The PIC may also be the mission commander or formation leader when so designated.
The authority and responsibility of a PIC is independent of rank or seniority in relation to other persons participating in the mission or flight.
In the absence of direct orders from higher authority cognizant of the mission, responsibility for starting or continuing a mission with respect to weather or any other condition affecting the safety of the aircraft rests with the PIC.
25
Can the authority/responsibility of a PIC be transferred during flight?
The authority and responsibility of the PIC shall not be transferred to another individual during flight, except as required by emergency, operational necessity, or as directed by the CO of the unit to which the aircraft is attached.
26
Define Non-Essential Flights.
The use of aircraft for nonessential flights shall not be authorized. Any flight open to misinterpretation by the public shall be avoided. Examples of flights that are considered nonessential are as follows:
1. Flights of a routine business nature for which commercial or other military transportation could be more economically substituted.
2. Flights for any officer or groups of officers, the sole purpose of which is the connivence and/or prestige of the officers concerned and not the performance of official duties or accomplishment of bona fide training.
3. Repeated flights to the hometown area of flight personnel concerned.
4. Flights coinciding with major sports events or civic celebrations.
27
Explain Emergency and Humanitarian Operations.
Naval aircraft operations are authorized in emergencies such as forest fires, search, rescue, major calamities, and for humanitarian reasons involving life-threatening circumstances.
Notification of the operation shall be made to CNO or CMC, as appropriate, and the responsible local commander, but without delaying action when time is an essential factor.
28
Define Passenger.
An individual who is not part of the aircrew traveling in an aircraft designed or normally configured for passenger (non-aircrew) carrying capability on a point-to-point flight.
29
Define Aircrew.
A collective term that applies to all categories of personnel in a flight status either as crew or noncrewmember.
Aircrew are military personnel on competent flight orders or civilian personnel whose duties require frequent and regular participation in aerial flights to perform inflight functions such as installation, maintenance, evaluation of airborne technical equipment (maintenance skins), communication specialists, photospecialists, etc.
30
Explain Embarkation of Passengers.
No person shall be emplaned as a passenger nor shall any cargo be embarked on a naval aircraft unless authorization has been granted by competent authority in accordance with applicable directives.
Reporting custodians for helicopter units may authorize personnel to be embarked as passengers onboard their aircraft. This authority may be delegated to a designated detachment officer in charge when deployed or embarked.
No person shall be carried in a taxiing aircraft as a passenger unless such person is authorized to fly in it or has been authorized by competent authority to be embarked therein.
31
Explain CNAF guidance on Helicopter Passenger Overwater Flights at Night.
Helicopter passenger overwater flights at night are authorized subject to the following restrictions:
1. Ship launches and recoveries shall be made during daylight hours. This constraint may be waived by the Strike Group Commander, Amphibious Squadron Commander, MAGTF, or OTC in cases of operational necessity.
2. In cases of TACEVAC, a qualified medical attendant who is current in approved water survival training (non-aircrew underwater emergency egress as a minimum training requirement), and has been properly briefed on emergency egress procedures for that aircraft, may be transferred at night with approval from the ship’s CO.
3. This does not preclude troop movement in support of amphibious exercises, VBSS level III operations, or SPECOPS training and operational missions.
32
PIC Embarkation of Passengers
The PIC/Mission Commanders of a naval aircraft (while absent from home unit) may authorize air transportation for personnel and/or equipment not otherwise qualified for Government air transportation (i.e. civilian physicians, paramedic teams, sheriff department personnel, park rangers, search dogs, medical equipment, etc.) when required for the successful prosecution of a SAR, TACEVAC, or disaster relief mission.
This authority shall only be exercised when all practicable means of obtaining authorization from competent authority in accordance with applicable directives have proven unsuccessful or unavailable.
Appropriate authority shall be notified of such air transportation as soon as practicable.
33
Define Actual Instrument Conditions.
Conditions external to the aircraft, in flight, that do not permit visual reference to the horizon.
34
Define Simulated Instrument Conditions.
Conditions external to the aircraft in flight are VMC, but pilot vision is limited primarily to the interior of the aircraft.
35
Define an Actual Instrument Approach.
When actual instrument conditions are encountered below 1,000 feet, above the airport/flight deck elevation during an instrument approach.
36
Define Simulated Instrument Approach.
An instrument approach flown under simulated instrument conditions.
37
Define Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceilings, less than the minimums specified for VMC.
IMC exists anytime a visible horizon is not distinguishable.
38
Define Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC).
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling, that are equal to or better than specified minimums prescribed for flight under VFR.
39
Who logs Actual Instrument time?
Actual Instrument Time will be logged by both pilots in a dual/multipiloted aircraft during flight in actual instrument conditions.
40
Explain the approach criteria for multipiloted aircraft.
When reported weather is at or below published landing minimums for the approach to be conducted an approach shall not be commenced in multipiloted aircraft unless the aircraft has the capability to proceed to a suitable alternate in the event of a missed approach.
41
Define multipiloted aircraft.
Any aircraft having 2 sets of flight controls and instruments and operated by 2 pilots, both of who meet the requirements of the NATOPS manual for that model of aircraft.
42
Who can log an actual instrument approach?
Only the pilot exercising principal active control during the approach may be credited with that approach.
43
Who logs Simulated Instrument Time?
Simulated Instrument Time shall be logged only by the pilot actually manipulating the controls.
44
What are Standard Instrument Rating Takeoff Minimums?
Non-precision Approach
Minimums for the runway in use, but not less than 300' ceiling and 1 sm visibility.
Precision Approach
Minimums for the runway in use, but not less than 200' ceilings and 1/2 sm visibility/ 2,400' RVR
Approaches must be compatible with installed and operable aircraft equipment available.
45
When can you reduce the visibility requirement for an instrument approach?
After takeoff, for landing purposes, helicopter visibility minimums may be reduced up to 1/2 the published visibility minimums for Category A aircraft, but in no case may it be reduced to less than 1/4 mile or 1,200' RVR.
Reducing the visibility minimums is based on airspeeds not exceeding 90 knots on final approach.
Published approach ceiling and visibility minimums for COPTER approaches shall not be reduced.
46
What are the minimums for a Standard Instrument Rating?
12 months prior to checkride:
a. 12 hours of ACT or SIM instrument time
b. 12 precision approaches
c. 6 non-precision approaches
6 months prior to checkride:
a. 6 hours of ACT or SIM instrument time
b. 6 precision approaches
c. 6 non-precision approaches
47
Explain Special VFR.
For Special VFR within controlled airspace:
1. The ceiling must be at least 500'
2. The visibility must be at least 1 sm.
3. The aircraft must remain clear of clouds.
4. The pilot must obtain authorization from ATC.
5. The pilot and aircraft must be certified for instrument flight.
Aviation CO's in the COC may authorize helicopters Special VFR in conditions below 500' and 1 sm for missions of operational necessity.
Outside controlled airspace, helicopters may be operated below 1,200' AGL, clear of clouds, when visibility is less than 1 sm, if operated at a speed that affords the pilot adequate opportunity to see and avoid other air traffic and maintain obstacle clearance.
48
What are the 4 conditions that will trigger ATC to issue you a missed approach insruction?
1. Safe limits are exceeded or radical aircraft deviations are observed.
2. Position or identification of the aircraft is in doubt.
3. Radar contact is lost or a malfunctioning radar is suspected.
4. Field conditions, conflicting traffic, or other unsafe conditions observed from tower prevent approach completion.
If the pilot has the runway/approach lights in sight 1-3 are not mandatory, however 4 is always mandatory
49
Explain IFR Filing Criteria.
50
For how long are DD-175-1 briefs valid for?
DD-175-1 briefs are only valid for 3 hours past briefing/FWB delivery time or ETD plus 30 min.
51
What is CNAF guidance on Weather Watches (WW)?
Except for operational necessity or an emergency, pilots shall not file into or through areas for which the Storm Prediction Center has issued a WW unless one of the following exceptions applies:
1. Base CO's, Wing Commanders, DOD Forecasters, or an FSS determine the storm is not developing as forecasted. In these situations:
VFR filing is permitted if the route is VMC.
IFR flight is permitted if the aircraft can use its own radar to avoid the storm.
IFR flight is permissible in controlled airspace if VMC is maintained.
2. Performance characteristics of the aircraft permit flight at an altitude above the existing or developing storm.
52
What is CNAF guidance on operating at DOD Airfield Facilities?
Naval aircraft are authorized to operate at and land at all US military and joint civil-military airfields.
PICs shall ensure they are aware of and meet airfield operating requirements and, when necessary, have satisfied PPR requirements.
When returning from abroad, PICs shall ensure that they will be able to satisfy US customs requirements.
53
What is CNAF guidance on operating at Civilian Airfields?
MIT
Naval aircraft are permitted to operate at civilian airfields listed in the DOD en route supplement or appropriate FAA publication when such missions:
Contribute to Mission accomplishment.
Are otherwise in the Interest of the government and taxpayer.
Add value to Training.
Civilian airfields shall not be used for RON unless required for mission accomplishment. In such cases, approval by the appropriate Wing/Group commander is required. RON is authorized if required for aircraft maintenance or following an emergency divert.
54
What is CNAF guidance on helicopters landing at 'Other Than' Airfields?
MAL
Helicopters are authorized to land at 'other than' airfield locations provided:
A Military requirement exists for such landing.
Adequate safeguards are taken to permit safe landing and takeoff operations without hazard to people or property.
There are no Legal objections to landing at such non-airfield sites.
Note:
COs are authorized to waive the above when dispatched helicopters are engaged in SAR operations.
55
What is CNAF guidance on Aircraft Operations Outside Published Hours/Closed Tower Airfields?
Naval aircraft are permitted to operate from a closed control tower airfield when both the reporting custodian and CO of airfield have authorized such operations.
Naval aircraft are permitted to operate from a closed tower airfield without the crash crew being present with concurrence of the reporting custodian and the CO of the airfield.
56
What is CNAF guidance on Closed Airfields?
All naval aircraft are prohibited from taking off or landing at closed airfields except in the case of emergency.
57
What is CNAF general guidance on Autorotations?
Shall be conducted within the field boundary over a surface in which a full autorotation can be safely completed and that is readily accessible to crash, rescue, and firefighting equipment.
Shall required specific approval from tower when active.
58
What is CNAF guidance on Practice Autorotations to Airfields Without Tower or Closed Tower Airfields?
Practice autos are authorized provided:
Crash, rescue, fire support is still available and monitoring the landing area visually, or through an RDO.
Sufficient separation exists in the landing pattern to conduct a stop and go without impeding other traffic. (Generally no more than 2 aircraft per runway pattern).
59
When shall position lights be displayed?
1. During the period 30 min before official sunset until 30 min after official sunrise.
2. Any time when the prevailing visibility as seen from the cockpit is less than 3 statue miles.
3. Immediately before engine start and anytime they are running.
4. When an aircraft is being towed (unless otherwise illuminated).
5. When an aircraft is parked and likely to cause a hazard, unless the aircraft is otherwise illuminated or marked with obstruction lights.
60
When are anti-collision lights required to be displayed?
1. Immediately before engine start.
2. At all times when the engines are in operation.
61
When can anti-collision lights be secured?
1. When the use of such lights adversely affects ground operations (arming, dearming, refueling, etc.)
2. During flight through clouds when the rotating light reflects into the cockpit.
62
What is CNAF general guidance on Safety Belts and Shoulder Harnesses?
Each persons safety belt and shoulder harness shall be worn and tightened prior to takeoff and shall be worn until completion of the flight, except when necessary activities require temporary removal.
Inertia reels shall be manually locked for all takeoffs and landings and at all times when high g-forces may occur, except where the procedure is detrimental to safe operation.
The number of persons over 2 years of age embarked in naval aircraft for flight shall be restricted to the number for which there are adequate seats and safety belts.
During takeoffs, landings, and at other times as specified by the PIC, each person over 2 years of age on board transport aircraft shall occupy a seat or berth and be secured with a safety belt provided for that purpose.
63
When may cabin seating requirements for helicopters be eliminated? SHARP
Cabin seating requirements may be eliminated when operational environment or aircraft configuration/load requirements dictate for the accomplishment of essential training and operations with the following guidelines:
1. Applies to SPECOPS training and missions.
2. Applies to dedicated lifesaving efforts including humanitarian and SAR operations.
3. Not to be used for routine operational training or personnel transfers. Applies only when tactical or procedural requirements exist for a specific mission or exercise.
4. When seats are removed, passengers will be restrained by an appropriate alternate means.
5. If mission profile requires removal of seats/seatbelts/restraints for one part of the mission, then passengers will, if possible, use seats/seatbelts/restraints for all other phases of the mission.
64
What are the Warning and Note associated with Safety Belts and Shoulder Harnesses in CNAF?
Warning:
Walkaround belts do not provide impact protection; therefore, use of those belts shall be restricted to only those occurrences when mission accomplishment requires persons to be out of their seat. Such belts shall not be worn when strapped into a seat.
Note:
Flight personnel leaving their seats to open a hatch or work in the vicinity of an open hatch shall wear an approved crewman aircraft belt (walkaround) during time spent out of the seat.
65
Define Minimum fuel.
An advisory term indicating that in judgement of the pilot, the fuel state is such that no undue delay can be accepted en route to the destination.
It is not an emergency situation, but undue delay may result in an emergency.
If at any time the remaining usable fuel supply suggests the need for traffic priority to ensure a safe landing, the pilot shall declare an emergency and report remaining fuel in minutes.
66
What are CNAF Fuel Planning requirements?
1. If alternate is not required, fuel to fly from takeoff to destination airfield, plus a reserve of 10% of planned fuel requirements.
2. If alternate is required, fuel to fly from takeoff to the approach fix serving destination and thence to an alternate airfield, plus a reserve of 10% of planned fuel requirements.
3. In no case shall the planned fuel reserve after final landing at destination or alternate airfield (if required), be less than 20 minutes of flight, computed based on operation at planned flight altitude.
67
Purchase of aircraft fuel/oil other than military or government contract sources
1. Mission requirements dictated stopping at a facility without military or contract fuel sources.
2. The flight terminated as a result of an emergency.
3. The flight terminated at an alternate airport in lieu of filed destination.
68
What is CNAF guidance on jettisoning fuel?
Whenever practicable, fuel shall not be jettisoned or dumped below 6,000' AGL.
Should weather or emergency conditions dictate jettisoning at a lower altitude, every effort shall be made to avoid populated areas.
When under positive control, the PIC should advise the ATC facility that fuel will be jettisoned.
69
What are the requirements for a PIC submitting a flight plan?
WANG WIPS
Proper weight and balance forms have been filed.
The flight has been properly authorized.
Adequate flight planning data, including NOTAMS, was available for complete and accurate planning.
The flight will be conducted in accordance with governing directives and adherence to fuel and weather minimums.
Each pilot in a formation flight has received the required flight route weather briefing.
The PICs possess a valid instrument rating if any portion of the flight is to be conducted under IMC or in positive control areas.
Passengers have been properly briefed and manifested.
The PIC acknowledges responsibility for the safe and orderly conduct of the flight.
70
What is required to be on a flight schedule?
NEEDCATP
Names and functions of flight personnel
Estimated time en route (ETE)
Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
Date and estimated time of departure
Designation of PIC, MC, and/or FL
Chain of command for formation flights
Aircraft Model
TMR Code
Point of departure, destination, and en route stop over points
71
Which missions require an aircraft commander?
OAT P
Operational/tactical missions.
Administrative missions.
Training flights, except those that are within the capabilities of pilots of lower classification and which, in the opinion of the CO, are best suited to teach such pilots self-reliance and command responsibility.
Flights in which the transport of Passengers is involved.
72
What are the CNAF criteria for anti-exposure suits?
Anti-exposure suits shall be provided to aircrew when:
1. The water temperature is 50° F or below.
2. The OAT is 32° F or below (based on the wind chill factor for corrected temperature).
73
Rescue swimmers shall not be deployed unless equipped with anti-exposure protection when water temperature is...
60° F or below, and/or OAT is wind chill factor corrected at 32° F or below.
74
Any naval helicopter that is assigned the primary mission to operate as a rescue vehicle over water...
Shall have as a member of its crew, one aircrewman who is completely outfitted for water entry and has completed an approved CNO/CMC rescue swimmer school.
75
Where SAR/Plane Guard is briefed as a primary mission, or when it becomes the primary mission...
The rescue aircrewman shall be prepared for immediate water entry.
76
In aircraft where oxygen systems are not available (such as helicopters) it shall be determined...
That it is mission essential by the CO/OIC or Mission Commander for flight altitude to exceed 10,000'.
Time above 10,000' without supplemental oxygen shall not exceed one hour and altitude shall not exceed 13,000'.
77
What are the restrictions for blood donation?
1. The minimum interval for all donors shall be 4 months.
2. Flight personnel shall not donate blood 4 weeks prior to flying in combat, the shipboard environment, or operational missions.
3. Flight personnel shall not participate in flight duties or perform low-pressure chamber runs for 4 days following donation of 450cc (1 pint) of blood.
4. If subject to flying duties within 4 days of a blood donation, an aviator must obtain command approval prior to donating.
78
Maximum Recommended Caffeine Intake
450 mg (3-4 cups of drip coffee) per day
79
Flight personnel shall not participate in flight duties for _____ after receiving immunization or injection.
12 hours
80
Use of intravenous sedatives shall require grounding for _____.
24 hours
81
What is the circadian rhythm time zone accommodation?
After a new daily routine is established, allow 1 day off of flight duties for every time zone crossed in excess of 3.
82
Define Aircraft Class.
A broad classification as to the general mission purpose of an aircraft design.
(e.g. attack, fighter, helicopter, patrol, transport, VTOL, and UAV)
83
Define Aircraft Type.
The broadest classification of aircraft as to physical characteristics (i.e. fixed-wing, rotary-wing, or tilt-rotor).
84
Define Aircraft Model.
The basic mission symbol and design number (e.g. P-3, S-3, F/A-18, and MH-60).
85
Define Aircraft Series.
The specific version of aircraft within the same model (e.g. AV-8B, H-46D, F/A-18D/E/F, or MH-60R).
86
Define Local Flight.
A flight that remains within the local flying area and terminates at either the same facility or another military facility with which the originating station has direct station-to-station communications.
87
Define Local Flying Area.
That area in the vicinity of an air installation in which locally-based aircraft can operate during an average/typical sorties flight time.
It shall not exceed 350 nm from an air installation and be designated as such in the Air Ops Manual by the CO.
If practicable, they shall be bounded by prominent terrain features and/or air navigation aid radials and distance.
88
Define Cross-Country Flight.
A flight that either does not remain in the local flying are or remains in the local flying area and terminates at a facility other than an active military facility.
89
Define Orientation Flight.
A continuous-flight in DOD aircraft performed within the local flying area and terminating at the point of origin intended to further the understanding of particular programs concerning the roles and missions of the DOD.
Orientation flights are typically one-time events for selected participants in a particular model aircraft.
Orientation flight status shall not be used to circumvent normal training requirements for individuals
required to fly multiple flights in naval aircraft.
90
Purpose of Orientation Flights.
a. To familiarize them with an aircraft, its operation, capabilities, requirements, concept of employment,
or limitations.
b. To familiarize them with a base complex from the air for official purposes other than merely sightseeing
or goodwill.
c. To allow FAA personnel to perform official functions that require their infrequent embarkation on naval
aircraft.
d. To perform other military duties not assigned to the flight crew.
e. To recognize the superior performance of active and reserve personnel when in the best interest of the
Navy and/or Marine Corps.
91
Define Formation Flight.
A flight of more than one aircraft operating by prior arrangement as a single aircraft with regard to altitude, navigation, and position reporting, and where separation between aircraft within the flight rests with the pilots in that flight.
92
Define Emergency Landing.
An immediate landing, on or off an airport, necessitated by the inability to continue further flight.
Also referred to as a 'Forced Landing'.
93
Define Precautionary Landing.
A premeditated landing, on or off an airport, when further flight is possible, but inadvisable.
94
Define MEDEVAC.
The transportation of individuals, wounded or sick, in urgent need of medical attention by dedicated non-combatant ground/air ambulances, properly marked and employed IAW the Geneva Convention and Law of War, designated with a Red Cross and associated medical equipment and personnel.
95
Define CASEVAC.
The transportation of individuals, wounded or sick, in urgent need of medical attention by any combatant platforms which may or may not have medical care capabilities.
96
Define TACEVAC.
TACEVAC encompasses both MEDEVAC and CASEVAC and is the third phase in the TCCC process in which casualties are moved from the hostile and austere tactical environment where they were injured, to a more secure location capable of providing advanced medical care.
97
Define Non-standard Operation.
When an urgent requirement exists to fly a short-notice mission in support of a humanitarian, contingency, TACEVAC, special access or state department requirement.
98
Define Flat Hatting.
Any maneuvers conducted at low altitude and/or a high rate of speed for thrill purposes over land or water.
Flat Hatting and any acts conducted for thrill purposes are strictly prohibited.
99
What is the highest altitude you can be at without being cleared by tower in a controlled airspace?
500'
100
How long is 'swims & phys' valid for?
4 years
101
What is ASAP and who is responsible for submitting it after a flight?
The Aviation Safety Awareness Program (ASAP) is an information management process based on self-disclosed reporting to identify errors and potential precursors to mishaps, as well as improve operational efficiency.
It is used to identify and address unfavorable trends pertinent to aircrew training, aircraft maintenance, flight operations, and safety using human factors data and error reporting.
The PIC/Mission Commander/Flight Lead is responsible for ensuring any required ASAP reports are submitted.
102
List the FAR Exemptions in CNAF that could apply to us.
1. Operations at altitudes other than prescribed while engaged in drug interdiction operations (provided the aircraft have an onboard observer and Mode C).
2. Weather requirements for an alternate airport.
3. Altitude exemption for MTR usage.
4. Aircraft lights while engaged in drug interdiction flights, provided the aircraft has a dedicated onboard observer and additional resources to detect all aircraft operating nearby (can be radar).
5. Lights-out NVD training in a MOA or NOTAM'd airspace.
6. Transponder-off flight in the Fallon Range Training Complex.
103
What are your fiscal year minimum flying hours?
Semiannual Pilot Time = 40 hours
Annual Pilot Time = 100 hours
Semiannual Night Time = 6 hours
Annual Night Time = 12 hours
Semiannual Instrument Time = 6 hours
Annual Instrument Time = 12 hours
104
Explain the requirements for Helicopter Night Hover Operations Over Water.
Night/low visibility hover operations over water shall be conducted using aircraft equipped with operable automatic hover systems on all occasions when a natural horizon from the cockpit is not available to assist the pilot in establishing/maintaining a stable hover.
105
Explain Basic VFR Flight Minimums.
If you get asked this you're crushing the CNAF portion of your board.
106
Who issues WW in CONUS? In Spain?
The Service Storm Prediction Center (SPC), located in Norman, OK, issues severe Weather Watch (WW) bulletins SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, or other Warning-type not reliant on difficult to find SPC-issued Weather Watches (WW) in CONUS.
The USAF 21st Operational Weather Squadron (located at Kapaun Air Station, Germany) issues WWs for Spain.
107
Criteria for Continuing and Approach
Pilots shall not descend below the MDA or continue an approach below the DH unless they have the runway environment in sight and in their judgment a safe landing can be executed.
108
Runway Environment (FAR/AIM)
Runway / Runway Markings
Runway Lights
Runway End Identifier Lights
Threshold
Threshold Marking
Threshold Lights
Touchdown Zone (or Markings)
Touchdown Zone Lights
Visual Approach Slope Indicator
Approach Light System (Red Bars/Red Side Row Bars)
109
Icing and Thunderstorms
Flights shall be planned to circumvent areas of forecast atmospheric icing and thunderstorm conditions whenever practicable.
HAC Flashcards
flashcards
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