CNS

Question 1

What is the CNS

Answer 1

contains the brain, brainstem and spinal cord

command center of the body

Question 2

what is the PNS

Answer 2

31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

birdges communication between the rest of the body and the CNS

Question 3

Describe the dorsal and ventral directions of the cortex

Answer 3

dorsal = top
ventral = underside

Question 4

describe the dorsal and ventral side of the brain stem

why is this different from the cortex orientation?

Answer 4

”"
ventral= front
dorsal = back

the nueral tube bends at the diencephalon and midbrain

Question 5

give the direction

the spinal cord is ____ to the brainstem

Answer 5

inferior

the spinal cord is below the brain stem

Question 6

what sulci separates frontal and temporal

Captain Larry Picks out Commands

Answer 6

lateral

Central, Lateral, Parieto-Occipital, Cingulate

lateral=side. this sulci is on the side

Question 7

what sulci separates the frontal and parietal

Captain Larry Picks Out Commands

Answer 7

central

Question 8

what sulci separates limbic and frontal

Answer 8

cingulate

cingulate=belt=whooping= think ouch

sagittal section

Question 9

where is the insula

Answer 9

buried in the lateral sulcus, covered by frontal, parietal, and temporal

lateral sulcus separates the **frontal **and **temporal **lobes.

Question 10

function of the insula

Answer 10

taste, pain, addiction

insula sounds like a drug

Question 11

what does the telencephalon become

Answer 11

cerebral hemispheres

“end”= telo “brain” = cephalon

Question 12

what does the diencephalon become

DIEncephalon so we dont DIE

Answer 12

thalamus and hypothalamus

relay station, homeostasis=have to have this to live

Question 13

what does the mesencephalon become

messages, meticulously, mystify

Answer 13

brainstem

messages> brainstem

Question 14

what does the metencephalon become

messages, meticulously, mystify

Answer 14

brainstem, pons and cerebellum

cerebellum> meticulously coordinates movements

Question 15

what does the myelencephalon become

messages, meticulously, mystify

Answer 15

medulla oblongata

breathing, heart beat> mysterious> unconscious

Question 16

what are the parts of the brainstem?

Answer 16

(from superior to inferior) midbrain, tegmentum, pons, medulla,

tectum above the cerebellum, near midbrain

Question 17

what does the tectum do

Answer 17

visual and auditory processing

tet > e> eye t> glasses back pieces

Question 18

what does the tegmentum do

Answer 18

motor control, sensory processing, arousal

Question 19

what is the landmark where the spinal cord end

Answer 19

conus medullaris

L1, L2

Question 20

what skull landmark marks the transition to from the brainstem to the spinal cord?

Answer 20

foramen magnum

Question 21

name the vertebral column regions and number of vertebrae in each

Cant Touch Low Spines Carefully

Answer 21

cervical 7
thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5
Coccygeal 4

coccygeal fused, betwee C1 & C2 no intervertebral disc

Question 22

what kind of joints connect the intervertebral discs and bodies

Answer 22

cartilaginous

Question 23

name the structures inside o f the intervertebral dics

hernias

Answer 23

nucleus pulposa leaks in a hernia, surrounded by annulus fibroSUS

Question 24

Why are there two enlargements in the spinal cord

Answer 24

house a larger number of nerve cells to supply to the arms/legs

Question 25

draw the layers of the meninges with the true spaces and spinal cord

Answer 25

vertebrae> epidural space> dura> arachnoid> subarachnoid space> pia> spinal cord

Question 26

what is in the epidural space?

Answer 26

fat and the vertebral venous plexus | vertebral venus plexus drains blood from bone

Question 27

what is the in the subarachnoid space

Answer 27

lumbar cistern with CSF, cauda equina | place for lumbar puncture because there is no spinal cord, below L2

Question 28

what continously makes CSF

Answer 28

choroid plexus | located in the ventricles

Question 29

what is the purpose of the ventricles

Answer 29

create & circulate CSF for protection of CNS

Question 30

follow the path of CSF fluid from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space

Answer 30

**L**ateral v> **F**oramen of monro> midline **T**hird v> **C**erebral aqueduct> **F**ourth ventricle> **S**ubarachnoid space> **L**ateral aperture> **M**edian aperture> reabsorbed arachnoid villi/granulations | Luke Found The Child Force So Lifted Millenium

Question 31

sensory neurons send information from ___ to _____

Answer 31

from sensory organs to the CNS | afferent, AFTER i feel water, NOW i know (CNS) it is wet

Question 32

motor neurons send information from ___ to ___

Answer 32

from CNS to "effector"

Question 33

Describe the two functions of glial cells

Answer 33

myelination, and BBB

Question 34

neuronal bodies are in the ____ matter

Answer 34

gray | in clusters in CNS called nuclei

Question 35

neuronal axons are in the ____ matter

Answer 35

white

Question 36

compare and contrast the locational difference of white matter in brain vs spinal cord

Answer 36

deep to the surface of gray matter in the brain located superficially in the spinal cord

Question 37

compare and contrast the locational difference of gray matter in brain vs spinal cord

Answer 37

located on the surface/deep cortex of the brain forms an H shaped pattern in spinal cord

Question 38

Dorsal horns recieve . .

Answer 38

receive sensory signals

Question 39

ventral horns . . .

Answer 39

contain the motor neurons whose axons sent motor signals

Question 40

the ___ horn contains autnomic motor nuerons

Answer 40

lateral

Question 41

sympathetic autonomic motor neurons in the lateral horn are at what level of the vertebrae

Answer 41

Thoracic and upper lumbar

Question 42

parasympathetic autonomic motor neurons in the lateral horn are at what level of the vertebrae

Answer 42

sacral

Question 43

what is the function of the intermedio-lateral gray matter

Answer 43

contains preganglionic sympathetic nuerons T1-L2/L3

Question 44

why is the white matter thickest at the cervical levels

Answer 44

There is more body to send information to in the cervical levels. More nuerons ascending and descending

Question 45

Name and give the number of the spinal nerve pairs for each spinal cord level

Answer 45

organized into 31 levels with a pair of spinal nerves (PNS) emerging from each 8 cervical > neck 12 thoracic > chest 5 lumbar > lower back 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

Question 46

what part of the PNS is associated with each spinal cord level

Answer 46

8 cervical = C1-c8 12 thoracic= T1-T12 5 Lumbar=L1-L5 5 Sacral =S1-S5 1 Coccygeal= Filum Terminale

Question 47

# true or false there is more gray matter in the cervical region vs other regions

Answer 47

false. there is more white matter in the cervical regions, and less gray matter here. the most gray matter can be found in the saccral region