Forearm

Question 1

overuse of the medial epicondyle can cause what? what movement does it affect?

Answer 1

medial epicondylitis

chronic pain over the common flexor tendon at the medial epicondyle (golfers elbow)

worse during wrist flexion, protonation (shaking hands, turning doorknobs)

Question 2

overuse of lateral epicondyle can cause what? what movement does it affect?

Answer 2

lateral epicondylitis

chronic pain over extensor tendon at the lateral epicondyle (tennis elbow)

worse during wrist extension, supination, gripping or turning objects (screwdriver, doorknob)

Question 3

what artery supplies the forearm

Answer 3

brachial artery divides in cubital fossa to radial and ulnar arteries

Question 4

true or false

the radial and ulnar arteries have recurrent branches that anastomose with collateral arteries from arm

Answer 4

true. this allows for redundant bloodflow

Question 5

what is compartment syndrome

Answer 5

comes from the fascial compartments being so compact that if there is a bleed, the blood has nowhere to escape

pressure will build and can kill tissue

Question 6

how do you treat compartment syndrome

Answer 6

fasciotomy

Question 7

what artery passes deep to the brachioradialis? what does it branch off of?

Answer 7

radial artery

braches off of brachial artery

Question 8

what artery passes deep to felxors? what does it branch off of?

Answer 8

ulnar artery

branches off of brachial artery

Question 9

what does the common interosseous artery split into? what does it branch off of?

Answer 9

anterior interosseous artery
posterior interosseous artery

branches off ulnar nerve

Question 10

scaphoid fracture leads to tenderness where

Answer 10

anatomical snuffbox

Question 11

what happens when there is a supracyondylar humerus fracture

Answer 11

median nerve is lesioned by displaced bone

paralysis of all flexor compartment muscles except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

when asked to make a fist they can only flex digits 4 and 5 (hand of benediction)

Question 12

what happens when there is a protonator teres syndrome

Answer 12

median nerve is entrapped between heads of pronator teres in the forearm

compression affects anterior interosseous nerve

supplies flexor pollicis longus and radial half of felxor digitorum profundus > weakness in DIPs digits 1-3 (can’t make OK sign and bring fingertips togther, oblong when they try)

Question 13

what happens when there is a medial epicondylar fracture

Answer 13

ulnar nerve is vulnerable at medial epicondyle

lesion affects flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus (digits 4 and 5) and much of intrinsic hand (except thenar)

radial deviation on wrist felxion, combo of flexion and extension of digits 4 and 5

hand is stuck in a fixed position (ulnar claw)

called a passive sign> presentation at rest

Question 14

what are the attachments to the protonator teres? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 14

proximal: primary head> medial epicondyle secondary head> ulna
distal: midshaft of radius

protonates the wrist

median nerve

Question 15

what are the attachments to the flexor carpi radialis? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 15

proximal: medial epicondyle
distal: base of second metacarpal

flexes the wrist and radial deviation of wrist

median nerve

Question 16

what are the attachments to the palmaris longus? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 16

proximal: medial epicondyle
distal: palmar aponeurosis

flexes the wrist

median nerve

Question 17

what are the attachments to the flexor carpi ulnaris? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 17

proximal: medial epicondyle + olecranon
distal: pisiform, hook hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

flexes the, ulnar deviation of wrist

ulnar nerve

Question 18

what are the attachments to the flexor digitorum superficialis? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 18

proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus, midshaft radius
distal: middle phalanges 2-5

flexes the PIP joints of fingers 2-5

median nerve

Question 19

what are the attachments to the flexor digitorum profundus? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 19

proximal: interosseous membrane and ulna
distal: distal phalanges of 2-5

fleces the digits of 2-5 at DIP

ulnar nerve: 4-5

median nerve: 2-3 ulnar nerve : 4-5

Question 20

what are the attachments to the flexor pollicis longus? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 20

proximal: shaft of radius
distal: distal phalanx of thumb

flexion of DIP joint on thumb

anterior interosseous nerve of median nerve

Question 21

what are the attachments to the pronator quadratus? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 21

proximal: distal ulna
distal: distal radius

pronation of wrist

anterior interosseous nerve of median nerve

Question 22

what are the attachments to the brachioradialis? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 22

prox: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
distal: styloid process of radius

flexes elbow DOES NOT CROSS WRIST

radial nerve

Question 23

what are the attachments to the extensor carpi radialis longus? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 23

prox: lateral supracondylar of humerus
distal: base of 2nd metacarpal

extends the wrist, radial deviation of wrist

radial nerve

Question 24

what are the attachments to the extensor carpi radialis brevis? what does it do

what is it innervated by

Answer 24

prox: lateral epicondyle of humerus
distal: 3rd metacarpal

extension and radial deviation of wrist

radial nerve

Question 25

what are the attachments to the extensor digitorum? what does it do | what is it innervated by

Answer 25

prox: lateral epicondyle humerus distal: extensor expansions extension of digits 2-5 at MCP joint | radial nerve

Question 26

what are the attachments to the extensor digiti minimi? what does it do | what is it innervated by

Answer 26

prox: lateral epicondyle humerus distal: extensor expansions of pinky extension at pinky finger MCP joint | radial nerve

Question 27

what are the attachments to the abductor pollicis longus? what does it do | what is it innervated by

Answer 27

prox: ulna, radius, interosseous membrane distal: base of 1st metacarpal abduction of thumb | posterior interosseous nerve of radial nerve

Question 28

what are the attachments to the extensor pollicis brevis? what does it do | what is it innervated by

Answer 28

prox: distal radius distal: proximal phalanx of thumb extension of thumb MCP | posterior interosseous nerve of radial nerve

Question 29

what are the attachments to the extensor pollicis longus? what does it do | what is it innervated by

Answer 29

prox: distal ulna distal: distal phalanx of digit thumb extnesion of thumb at IP joint | posterior interosseous nerve of radial nerve

Question 30

what are the attachments to the extensor indicis? what does it do | what is it innervated by

Answer 30

prox: distal ulna distal: extensor expansion of digit 2 extension of digit 2 at MCP joint | posterior interosseous nerve of radial nerve

Question 31

what are the attachments to the supinator? what does it do | what is it innervated by

Answer 31

prox: lateral epicondyle of humerus + proximal ulna distal: proximal radius supination of wrist | radial nerve

Question 32

what are the attachments to the extensor carpi ulnaris? what does it do | what is it innervated by

Answer 32

prox: lateral epicondyle distal : base of 5th metacarpal extension and ulnar deviation of wrist | radial nerve

Question 33

what muscle does the radial artery pass deep to in the forearm

Answer 33

brachioradialis

Question 34

what does the ulnar artery split into in the forearm

Answer 34

common interosseous artery splits into posterior and anterior interosseous artery

Question 35

what is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 35

ulnar artery and anterior interosseous artery

Question 36

what is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the forearm

Answer 36

radial artery and posterior interosseous artery

Question 37

what part of the forearm does the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate | what is the spinal nerve level

Answer 37

lateral forearm (near thumb) | C5-C6

Question 38

what part of the forearm does the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate | what spinal nerve levels

Answer 38

medial part of the forearm (near pinky), adjacent from lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve area | C8-T1

Question 39

what part of the forearm does the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate? what nerve does it branch off of | what spinal nerve levels

Answer 39

back of/posterior hand from the triceps ( not deltoid) down to the three and half fingers (1-3)

Question 40

what nerve runs through protonator teres

Answer 40

median nerve

Question 41

what action and spinal nerves correspond with the median nerve in the arm

Answer 41

wrist and digit flexion on radial side (C7-C8)

Question 42

what does the anterior interosseous nerve branch off of vs the anterior interosseous artery

Answer 42

median nerve> nerve ulnar artery> artery

Question 43

what is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 43

connects the ulna and radius

Question 44

what does the anterior interosseous nerve pass deep to | what does it supply

Answer 44

the pronator quadratus carpals (sensory to joints) flexor pollicis longus radial half of flexor digitorum profundus (digits 2-3) pronator quadratus

Question 45

ulnar nerve passes behind ___ and follows what distally before passing through Guyons canal | does it contribute to sensory information in the forearm?

Answer 45

medial epicondyle | no

Question 46

what are the myotomes associated with the ulnar nerve in the forearm

Answer 46

flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus> wrist and digit flexion on ulnar side (C8) intrinsic hand muscles (T1)

Question 47

radial nerve passes deep to ____ to enter posterior compartment of forearm what does it divide into

Answer 47

brachioradialis divides into superficial branch and deep branch

Question 48

what does the superficial branch of the radial nerve supply

Answer 48

sensory information to the dorsal hand

Question 49

what does the deep branch of the radial nerve turn into and when

Answer 49

turns into posterior interosseous nerve after it tunnels through supinator muscle

Question 50

what does the posterior interosseous nerve supply | what nerve did it branch off of

Answer 50

abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis and longus extensor indicis

Question 51

what are the myotomes related to the radial nerve include spinal nerve levels

Answer 51

brachioradialis (flexion of elbow C5-C6) wrist and digit extension (C6-C7)

Question 52

what makes up the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox? what artery runs through it?

Answer 52

extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus held down by extensor retinaculum radial artery passes through it

Question 53

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa

Answer 53

brachioradialis pronator teres humeral epicondyles bicipital aponuerosis