ClinLab > Coagulation > Flashcards

Coagulation Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What is the 3 step in maintaining hemostasis during an injury?

Which of the following is considered primary vs secondary hemostasis?

A
  1. vascular spasm
  2. platelet plug formation (primary hemostasis)
  3. blood coagulation (secondary hemostasis)
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2
Q

If a patient presents with petechiae, ecchymoses and bleeds from minor cuts what type of defect does he have?

A

platelet/vascular defect

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3
Q

If a patient presents with hemarthroses or hematomas, what type of defect does he have?

A

coagulation defect

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4
Q

What is the 3 steps in the platelet plug formation?

Which of the following steps is reversible?

A
  1. Adhesion
  2. activation (reversible)
  3. aggregation
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5
Q

What substance is important in platelet aggregation?

A

fibrinogen

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6
Q

Normal values for the following:

RBC
Hgb
Hct
WBC
Plts
-Thrombocytopenia/mild/severe
A 
RBC = 4-5.5 x 10^6
Hgb = 12-15 g/dL
Hct = 36-45%
WBC = 5-10x10^3
Plts = 150-400x10^3
Thrombocytopenia = <150,000
Mild = 50-100,000
Severe = <50,000
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7
Q

When measuring bleeding time what is the normal value and what signifies a prolonged bleeding time?

A
  • Normal value 3-10 minutes

- > 10 minutes = prolonged

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8
Q

Bleeding time is only prolonged due to what 3 things

A
  • low platelet count
  • vWD
  • bad test
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9
Q

What medication is a COX inhibitor and works by inhibiting platelet activation?

A

Aspirin

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10
Q

What are 3 P2Y12 inhibitors that work by inhibiting platelet activation?

A
  • Plavix
  • Effient
  • Brilinta
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11
Q

What are the 3 GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors that works by inhibiting platelet aggregation?

A
  • Abciximab
  • Integrillin
  • Tirofiban
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12
Q

What medication is a PDE5 inhibitor that works to inhibit platelet aggregation?

A

aarenox

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13
Q

What are the 4 vitamin K dependent factors?

A

II, VII, IX, X

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14
Q

What 3 factors are NOT produced in the liver?

A

III, IV, VIII

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15
Q

What are the names of the following factors?

II
IIa
I
Ia

A

II - prothrombin
IIa - thrombin
I - fibrinogen
Ia - fibrin

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16
Q

What factors make up the intrinsic pathway?

A

XII, XI, IX, VIII, X

12, 11, 9, 8, 10

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17
Q

What factor make up the extrinsic pathway?

A

VII

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18
Q

What factors make up the common pathway?

19
Q

Fondaparinux, Eliquis, Xaralto are what type of medications?

Study These Flashcards
A

Factor Xa inhibitors

20
Q

Lovenox, Fragmin (LMWH) or Heparin are what type of medications?

Study These Flashcards
A

Factor Xa inhibitor

21
Q

Angiomax or Argatroban are what type of medications?

Study These Flashcards
A

Antithrombin (IIa) agents

22
Q

Coumadin (Warfarin) is what type of medication?

Study These Flashcards
A

Vitamin K Antagonist

23
Q

Deficiency in the following 4 substances makes you hypercoagulable.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Protein C
  • Protein S
  • AT
  • Factor XIIa
24
Q

What 2 proteins are important in inhibiting Factor VIII and Factor V?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Protein C

- Protein S

25
What substance breaks down fibrin? What is the product of this break down depending on if a fibrin clot has been formed already or not?
Plasmin - if fibrin clot formed = D-dimer - if just fibrin = fibrin split products (FSP)
26
What is thrombin time used for?
evaluate the part of the hemostatic process where soluble fibrinogen is changed into fibrin threads
27
What is the normal value for PT?
11-15 seconds
28
``` What is normal value for INR? Therapeutic range? Therapeutic range for mechanical valve? What is ideal for surgery? What INR has an unacceptable high risk of bleeding? ```
``` Normal = <1.0 Therapeutic = 2-3 Mechanical valve = 2.5-3.5 Surgery = <1.5 High risk of bleeding = >5 ```
29
What is the normal value for PTT?
25-40 seconds
30
If you add a patient's plasma with a normal pooled plasma and the PT/PTT comes out NORMAL what does this mean?
Factor deficiency
31
If you add a patient's plasma with a normal pooled plasma and the PT/PTT comes out PROLONGED what does this mean?
Factor inhibitor issue
32
If you add a patient's plasma with a factor specific deficient plasma and the PT/PTT comes out PROLONGED what does this mean?
Factor deficiency *of the known Factor missing in sample
33
If you add a patient's plasma with a factor specific deficient plasma and the PT/PTT comes out NORMAL what does this mean?
Factor normal *Factor missing in sample
34
80-85% of patients with Hemophilia have deficiency of which factor? Which lab test is affected? a. platelet count b. bleeding time c. PT/INR d. PTT
- Factor VIII | d. PTT
35
Hemophilia B (Christmas Disease) accounts for 10-15% of all hemophiliacs. It is a result of a deficiency in what factor? Which lab test is affected? a. platelet count b. bleeding time c. PT/INR d. PTT
- Factor IX | d. PTT
36
If a patient is on coumadin which lab results will be affected? a. platelet count b. bleeding time c. PT/INR d. PTT
c. PT/INR | d. PTT
37
What is the MOA of action of Lovenox (LMWH)? Which lab test is affected? a. platelet count b. bleeding time c. PT/INR d. PTT
-activates antithrombin III which blocks thrombin (Factor IIa) a. PT/INR d. PTT
38
If a patient has liver disease which lab test is affected? a. platelet count b. bleeding time c. PT/INR d. PTT
c. PT/INR | d. PTT
39
If a patient had DIC what lab test is affected? a. platelet count b. bleeding time c. PT/INR d. PTT
All of them
40
For DIC what special test should you do to look for low fibrinogen levels?
TT time
41
Platelet adheres to the damaged area through which specific receptors?
GPIIb/IIIa, GPIb, GPIa/GPIIa
42
If you would like to monitor therapy for coumadin or heparin what pathway should you measure?
- coumadin = extrinsic pathway | - heparin = intrinsic pathway
43
This condition is characterized by pathological activation of coagulation blood clotting mechanisms that happens in response to disease leading to the formation of small blood clots inside the blood vessels.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
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