Coasts

Question 1

Give three examples of sedimentary rock.

Answer 1

Chalk, Clay and Sandstone

Question 2

Which section of the English coastline is most resistant to erosion?

Answer 2

North West England

Question 3

Identify x3 factors that influence the rates of coastal recession.

Answer 3

Prevailing wind direction, Geology (weak faults) and Destructive waves

Question 4

What is the difference between concordant and discordant coastlines?

Answer 4

Concordant - Runs parallel to the coast
Discordant - Runs at a right angle to the coast/or alternate

Question 5

True or False? Submergent coastlines are created by rising sea levels.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Identify one way in which vegetation stabilises sediment.

Answer 6

Stabilises by binding the roots together which makes sediment harder to erode

Question 7

What is a ‘halophyte’?

Answer 7

A plant that can tolerate water (salt)

Question 8

Give an example of a pioneer species in sand dune succession.

Answer 8

Marram Grass

Question 9

Describe the geological structure of the UK

Answer 9

1. Igneous and Metamorphic found in Northern Ireland and Scotland
2. Sedimentary is found in England, more south

Question 10

Give X3 examples of erosional landforms

Answer 10

1. Headlands and Bays
2. Shoreline platforms
3. Cliffs

Question 11

Which process transports sediment along the coast in a zig-zag pattern?

Answer 11

Longshore drift

Question 12

Identify two reasons why deposition occurs along the coast

Answer 12

1.When water velocity slows down and hits the beach, dropping off sediment.
2. When the coastline changes shape

Question 13

Give X3 examples of depositional landforms

Answer 13

1. Spits
2. Beaches
3. Tombolos

Question 14

Give X1 example of weathering and X1 example of mass movement.

Answer 14

1. Weathering- Freeze-thaw
2. Mass movement- Rockfall

Question 16

What is the difference between Isostatic and Eustatic sea level change?

Answer 16

Isostatic:
1. Land rises/falls
2. Local process
Slow process

Eustatic:
1. Sea rises/falls
2. Global process
3. Quick process

Question 17

X2 causes of Isostatic land level change?

Answer 17

Land sinks due to deposition of sediment
Land rises due to ice melting and reduction in weight

Question 18

X2 causes of Eustatic sea level level change

Answer 18

Sea rises due to thermal expansion
Sea drops due to water evaporated by ice

Question 19

X2 examples of emergent coastline landforms

Answer 19

1. Fossil cliffs
2. Raised beaches

Question 20

X2 examples of submergent coastline landforms

Answer 20

Rias and Dalmation coast

Question 21

What is the coastal recession case study?

Answer 21

Holderness

Question 22

What are your coastal flooding case studies?

Answer 22

Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Florida

Question 23

What local factors can influence flood risk on some coastlines?

Answer 23

1. Removing vegetation
2. Subsidence
   3 Low lying land (Not as interesting as other points)

Question 24

What is carried out before deciding whether a section of coastline should be protected or not?

Answer 24

Cost benefit analysis

Question 25

3 hard engineering strategies?

Answer 25

1. Groynes 2. Sea wall 3. Rip-Rap

Question 26

3 soft engineering strategies?

Answer 26

1. Beach nourishment 2. Cliff regrading 3. Dune stabilisation

Question 27

2 SCMS?

Answer 27

1. Groynes in Mappleton. Trap sediment created by LD and absorb wave energy 2. Educating communities and monitoring coastal change/ creating alternative livelihoods

Question 28

How can conflict occur following on from the implementation of SCMS?

Answer 28

Isolated islands are ignored.

Question 29

How are vulnerable communities being better supported?

Answer 29

MFF

Question 30

Erosion processes

Answer 30

1. Abrasion 2. Attrition 3. Solution 4. Hydraulic action

Question 31

What is Longshore drift?

Answer 31

Responsible for the transport of sediment along the beach, guided by prevailing wind, drops the sediment and the waves bring it back at a 90 degree angle.

Question 32

Types of Mass movement?

Answer 32

1. Rockfall - leads to talus scree slope 2. Landslides 3. Rotational slumping - leads to rotational scarring

Question 33

Weathering?

Answer 33

1. Chemical 2. Biological 3. Mechanical - freeze thaw

Question 34

Concordant and discordant landforms

Answer 34

1. Concordant - Haff and Dalmatian coasts 2. Discordant - Headlands and bays and caves, arches, stacks and stumps - refract wave energy and slows it down

Question 35

3 X Depositional landforms - which are all stabilised by vegetation

Answer 35

1. Beaches 2. Spits 3. Tombolos 4. Bars and Lagoons 5. Cuspate forelands 6. Offshore bars

Question 36

Emergent and submergent landforms

Answer 36

Emergent- Isostatic rise- glacial recovery and tectonic activity Eustatic fall- glacial periods. Landforms= Fossil cliffs and raised beaches Submergent- Isostatic fall - accumulation of sediment and glaciation. Eustatic rise- glacial melt and thermal expansion Landforms= Fjords (flooded glacial valley in Norway) and Rias (flooded river valley in Sydney harbour)