Coasts - Theme 1

Question 1

What are the three systems

Answer 1

• Isolated
• Closed
• Open

Question 2

What is an isolated system

Answer 2

• No energy input or output

- No matter input or output

Question 3

What is a closed sustem

Answer 3

• Input and Output of energy

- NO Input or Output of Matter

Question 4

What is an Open System

Answer 4

• Input and Output of Energy

- Input and Output of Matter

Question 5

What is an Example of a closed system

Answer 5

• central heating system
• Water stored in boiler
• Water transported in pipes
• Heat comes out of pipes
• Water doesn’t leave

Question 6

What is an Example of an Open System

Answer 6

• Domestic water supply
• Water comes in and out
• Water is stored
• Water is used

Question 7

What is dynamic equilibrium

Answer 7

-Where inputs and outputs in a system are balanced

Question 8

What is a negative feedback loop

Answer 8

• A loop which gets closer to dynamic equilibirum

- Sin graph if y=0 is dynamic equilibirum

Question 9

What is a positive feeback loop

Answer 9

• A loop which gets further from dynamic equilibium

- exponential growth - snowball effect

Question 10

What are the Inputs in a coastal zone

Answer 10

• Solar energy - this creates different pressures in the air - this creates different wind patterens - this creates different waves
• Sediment - Shingle (biggest) - Sand (medium) - silt (smallest)
• Tides - effect by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun
• Currents
• Sea level change

Question 11

What are the components in a coastal zone

Answer 11

• Erosianal landforms - Wave cut notch, arch, headlands, potholes
• Depositional Landforms - Sand dunes, Salt marsh, Spit

Question 12

What are the outputs in a coastal zone

Answer 12

• Dissipation of wave energy

- Sediment

Question 13

Is the overal system of the coasts an open or closed - why?

Answer 13

Open

• Waves driven by solar energy - Different pressures are created from sun leads to wind driving waves - energy from outside the coast
• Sediment that reaches the coast line is from river deltas meaning its not originally from the coast - matter is outside the coast

Question 14

What are the factors that influence coastal landforms

Answer 14

• Marine Factors
• Subariel factors
• Human Factors
• Tectonics
• Geomorphic Factors
• Geology
• Biotic Factor
• Climatic Factor

Question 15

What is a marine factor on a coastal landform

Answer 15

• A factor that directly comes from the ocean e.g.
• Waves (constructive and destructive)
• salt spray - erosional process

Question 16

What is a subaerial factor on a coastal landform

Answer 16

• A land based process that alters the shape of a coastline e.g.
• Wind - blows sediment out of systems and creates waves
• Rain/frost - Oppertunity for freeze-thaw weathering and acidic rain

Question 17

What is a human factor on a coastal landform

Answer 17

• When humans interfere with the coast

- Coastal managment - Holding the line

Question 18

What is a tectonic facotr

Answer 18

• coastal uplift

- volcanic ash - less sun - less pressure - more wind

Question 19

What is a geomorphic factor

Answer 19

-River - transport sediment from land to coast

Question 20

What is a geological factor

Answer 20

-Lithology - soft rocks erode faster - turn to sediment and erode away

Question 21

What is a biotic factor

Answer 21

-Vegatation - Sand dunes created - provide stability and less erosion

Question 22

What is a climatic factor

Answer 22

• Winds - strong winds and currents create powerful erosion
• Glaciation - glacial ice meltes creates rise
• climate change - sea level rise