Coasts - Theme 2 - GEOMORPHOLOGICAL

Question 1

What is geomorphology

Answer 1

-study of landforms and their processes

Question 2

What is a marine process

Answer 2

-opperates upon a coast line and are connected to the sea such as waves, tides and longshore drift

Question 3

What is a sub ariel process

Answer 3

• Processes that mainly effect land - mass movement and weathering
• Includes processes that slowly break down the coastline

Question 4

What are the three main categorys of weathing

Answer 4

• Mechanical/Physical
• Biological
• Chemical

Question 5

What is frost shattering

Answer 5

• PHYSICAL
• Porus rock lets in water
• freezes
• expands
• add pressure
• splits
• NEED A TEMP RANGE OF +-0

Question 6

What is salt crystallisation

Answer 6

• PHYSICAL
• Porus rock
• Salt water enters
• water eveporates
• leaves salt crystals
• build pressue
• cause to break

Question 7

What is wetting and drying

Answer 7

• Frequant drying of wetting and drying
• Leads to rock rich in clay (shale) to expand when wet and contract when dry
• crack and break up
• more vunurable to freeze thaw

Question 8

What is Plant weathering

Answer 8

• BIOLOGICAL

- Thin roots grow into rocks and crack

Question 9

What is plant water weathing

Answer 9

• water runs through vegatation and becomes acidic

- chemical weathing in reslut of BIOLOGICAL

Question 10

What is bird and animal weathering

Answer 10

• BIOLOGICAL
• Birds (piddock) dig into foround for food and annimals burrow
• leaves holes for vunurability

Question 11

What is marine organism weathering

Answer 11

• BIOLOGICAL

- Limpits and algee can chemically erode by producting acids

Question 12

What is carbonation

Answer 12

• CHEMICAL
• rain falls and reactis with the CO2 in the air
• this creates CARBONIC acid
• this errodes CALCIUM CARBONATES - CaCO3
• These are rocks like chalk and limestone

Question 13

What is oxidation

Answer 13

• CHEMICAL
• FERROUS (iron) rocks react with oxygen
• brown yellow stain
• VUNURABLE

Question 14

What is solution and acid rain

Answer 14

• CHEMICAL
• Removal of rocks by rain acidic water
• the acid rain comes from gases in the atmosphere - nitric acid and weak sulfuric acid - reacts with minerals to make them weaker

Question 15

What is hydrolysis

Answer 15

-Mildy acid water combines with water to create claus and dissolvelble salts - these break down rocks

Question 16

What is mass movement

Answer 16

-movement of sediment in a sub ariel processes

Question 17

What is soil creep

Answer 17

• extremly slow
• soil gets wet - when wet soil particales sink
• soil drys and move to the surface
• the surface’s incline means the soil particle rolls down the hill by mms
• this is repeated
• similar to longshore drift

Question 18

What are the charictoristics of soil creep

Answer 18

-little rows of soil that are parrel to cliff face

Question 19

What is mudflow

Answer 19

• Clay sits below unconsilidated or weak rock
• water gets trapped withing the rock
• this inceases pore pressure (pressure of ground water in rock pores)
• this forces rock particles apart
• leads to the slope to fall
• leads to unconsilidated sediment to fall
• needs heavy rain to make mud

Question 20

what is a landslide

Answer 20

• Block of rock moves rapidly
• caused by rainfall or earthquake
• rock moves down and brings sediment

Question 21

What is a rockfall

Answer 21

• Sudden collapse of induvidual rock fragments
• steep cliffs
• mechanical weathering or erosion
• fasll to the shore line
• input to sediment cell
• SEDIMENT CALLED SCREE

Question 22

What is a rotational slump

Answer 22

• curved side plane of impermiable rock
• other layers of rock sit ontop of this
• when there is consistant high tides it can cause excessive lubrication
• this can cause slumping due to gravity
• IT PRODUCES A CURVED SLIDE PLANE

Question 23

Label a rotational slump

Answer 23

• the top is called a head
• the vertical parts are called SCARPS
• the bottom is called a foot
• the very bottom is called a toe
• there is a curved slide plane

Question 24

What is runoff

Answer 24

-water that leaves a drainage basin

Question 25

What can runoff do to shape a coastal system

Answer 25

- lubricate for landslides - add sediment - more depostional landforms - carry sediment with it