Cognition

Question 1

what is A&O x1?

Answer 1

the patient can identify themselves, but nothing else

Question 2

what is A&O x2?

Answer 2

the patient can identify themselves and the date/time, but nothing else

Question 3

what is A&O x3?

Answer 3

the patient can identify themselves, the date/time, and where they are, but nothing else

Question 4

what is A&O x4?

Answer 4

the patient can identify themselves, the date/time, where they are, and why they’re there

Question 5

what is delirium?

Answer 5

it is an acute change in cognition

Question 6

what are the three types of delirium?

Answer 6

hyperactive

hypoactive

mixed

Question 7

what is hyperactive delirium?

Answer 7

• restlessness
• hypervigilance
• rapid speech
• irritability
• combativeness

Question 8

what is hypoactive delirium?

Answer 8

• psychomotor retardation
• apathy
• reduced alertness

Question 9

what is delirium caused by?

Answer 9

• medications
• metabolic imbalances
• severe distress/illness
• pain
• anesthesia
• immobility

Question 10

what is dementia?

Answer 10

loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life

Question 11

is dementia acute?

Answer 11

no

it’s insidious (lasting months to years)

Question 12

what is rare for dementia?

Answer 12

mood swings, delusions, and hallucinations there is a stability in symptoms

Question 13

is attention/consciousness impaired with dementia?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

are there types of dementia like there is with delirium (hypo/hyper/mixed)?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what is a lethargic arousal?

Answer 15

drowsy and less aware/interested in surroundings

Question 16

what is a somnolent arousal?

Answer 16

sleeping unless someone or something wakes you up

trouble staying awake but can talk and follow directions

Question 17

what is an obtunded arousal?

Answer 17

difficult to arouse

Question 18

what are the key factors when it comes to dizziness evaluations?

Answer 18

• assessment of CNS/PNS components (eye movements, function of inner ear)
• type of dizziness ( spinning, lightheadedness, motion induced, disequilibrium )
• provocative factors (motion induced? spontaneous?)
• duration (has it been fleeting or lasts for months?)
• frequency
• any associated auditory change
• any falls?