COGNITIVE MODELS

Question 1

basic cognitive model

Answer 1

situation
autmatic thoughts
reaction (emotional, behaviorla physiological)

Question 2

Early Childhood experiences lead to basic beliefs about oneself andone’sworld

Answer 2

COGNITIVE MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT

Question 3

___ is a significant role in perceived stress

Answer 3

Automatic thought

Question 4

How individuals think about their world
Schemas develop early in life from personal experience and interactionwithothers

Answer 4

COGNITIVE SCHEMAS

Question 5

• malagologist
• published 25 papers at 21 yo
• worked in binet’s lab for 4 years
• has 3 children that guided his research

Answer 5

jean piaget

Question 6

Assimilation vs. accomodation Primary circular reaction
Complete self world

experiencing the world thru senses and action

object permanence
stranger anxiety

Answer 6

sensorimotor (birth -2 years)

Question 7

Language dev’t. Egocentric
thought Animistic
thinking Magical

representing things with words and images but no logical reasoning

pretent play
egocentrism

Answer 7

preoperational (2-6 years)

Question 8

Concept of reversibility
Developing basic concepts of time, space, quantity, &causality

thinking logically about concrete events, grasping analogies and performing aritmetical operations

Answer 8

concrete operational (7-11)

Question 9

Abstract thought,
Logical ,
hypothetical Strong

abstract reasoning

Answer 9

formal operational (12 above)

Question 10

• from rhode island, younges
• childhood fears handles w reasoning
• brown university, yale medical school
• cognitive therapy in UPenn

Answer 10

aaron beck

Question 11

explains how negative automatic thoughts (e.g., “I’m useless”) create a self-fulfilling problem cycle—worsening mood, avoidance, and reinforcement of irrational beliefs.

Therapy focuses on identifying and challenging these thoughts through reality testing, thought records, and highlighting positive experiences, replacing irrational cognitions with more realistic appraisals to change emotions and behaviors.

Answer 11

aaron beck’s cognitive therapy model

Question 12

TRIAD IN BECK’S CT

Answer 12

THOUGHTS
EMOTIONS
BEHAVIORS

Question 13

• born in a jewish family in new york
• father was absent, mother was neglectful
• was seriously ill for most of his childhood
• neglect as autonomy and independence
• developed REBT

Answer 13

albert ellis

Question 14

Activating events (A) do not cause emotional consequences (C) directly; rather, beliefs (B) about the event determine reactions. Irrational beliefs lead to unhealthy emotions and behaviors, which are challenged through Disputation (D), resulting in more rational, Effective new beliefs and healthier emotional outcomes (E).

Answer 14

ABCDE (REBT) model

Question 15

Is an active-directive, solution-orientedtherapywhichfocuses on resolving cognitive, emotional, andbehavioralproblems in clients

• It differs from psychoanalysis in that it placeslittleemphasis on explaining the past, but instead, focusesonchanging the current evaluation and philosophical
  thinking about our lives, others, and ourselves

Answer 15

rational emotive behavioral therapy

Question 16

consists of three stages illustrating
the body’s general response to
stress

*Claims the body first prepares for
action and defence, if necessary
resists, and then it returns to normal.

*However, prolonged and
unmanageable stress leads to tissue damage, increased chance of disease and in extreme cases death.

Answer 16

GAS general adaptation syndrome

Question 17

3 stages of GAS

Answer 17

alarm
resistance
recovery / exhaustion

Question 18

The stressor upsets
homeostasis or cellular balance

Answer 18

alarm stage

Question 19

Body fights back by adjusting
to the stresS

Answer 19

resistance stage

Question 20

Rest permits enhanced
adaptation.
No rest = overtraining, injury,
lack of adaptation

Answer 20

exhaustion stage

Question 21

According to ___ (1982, 1991), emotional experience is
crucially dependent on cognitive appraisal (the interpretation of
the current situation).

Answer 21

Lazarus

Question 22

Emotions arise from an individual’s cognitive appraisal of a situation rather than the event itself; primary appraisal evaluates whether the event is threatening, harmful, or irrelevant, while secondary appraisal assesses coping resources and options, which together determine emotional and behavioral responses

Answer 22

Lazarus’ Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Question 23

cognitive appraisal:

The situation is perceived as being positive, stressful,
or irrelevant to wellbeing.

Answer 23

primary

Question 24

cognitive appraisal:

Account is taken of the resources available to the
individual to cope with the situation

Answer 24

secondary

Question 25

cognitive appraisal: The stimulus situation and coping strategies are monitored, with the primary and secondary appraisal being modified if necessary.

Answer 25

re-appraisal