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colregs Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the COLREGs?
A

To establish universal “rules of the road” to prevent collisions between vessels at sea.(Rule 1)

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2
Q
  1. To whom do the COLREGs apply?
A

To all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. (Rule 1)

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3
Q
  1. What is meant by the term “vessel”?
A

Every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft, WIG craft, and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. (Rule 3)

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4
Q
  1. Define the term “underway.”
A

A vessel that is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. (Rule 3)

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5
Q
  1. What does “restricted visibility” mean?
A

Any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms, or any other similar causes. (Rule 3)

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6
Q

What is a “power-driven vessel”?

A

Any vessel propelled by machinery (Rule 3)

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7
Q
  1. How is a “sailing vessel” defined under COLREGs?
A

Any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used. (Rule 3)

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8
Q
  1. What is a “vessel not under command”?
A

A vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel (Rule 3)

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9
Q
  1. Explain “vessel constrained by her draught.”
A

A power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following. (Rule 3)

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10
Q
  1. What is meant by “vessel engaged in fishing”?
A

Any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls, or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include vessels fishing with trolling lines. (Rule 3)

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11
Q
  1. What is a “seaplane” in COLREGs?
A

Any aircraft designed to maneuver on the water. (Rule 3)

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12
Q
  1. What do the COLREGs say about government vessels?
A

Nothing in the Rules shall interfere with special rules made by a Government with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes, or whistle signals for ships of war or vessels in convoy. (Rule 1)

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13
Q
  1. What is the obligation of vessels in special circumstances?
A

In obeying these Rules, due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger. (Rule 2)

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14
Q
  1. Define “length” and “breadth” in COLREGs.
A

Length means a vessel’s length overall, and breadth means her greatest breadth. (Rule 3)

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15
Q
  1. What is the difference between inland and international rules?
A

International Rules apply on the high seas; Inland Rules apply to specific national waters (harbors, rivers, etc.) inside established demarcation lines. (Rule 1)

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16
Q
  1. What does Rule 5 say about lookout?
A

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate (radar/AIS) to make a full appraisal of the situation and risk of collision. (Rule 5)

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17
Q
  1. How should a vessel determine risk of collision?
A

By using all available means, including radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation. If there is any doubt, risk shall be deemed to exist. (Rule 7)

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18
Q
  1. What is meant by “safe speed”?
A

A speed wherein a vessel can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. (Rule 6)

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19
Q
  1. What is the purpose of Rule 7?
A

To mandate the use of all available means to determine if risk of collision exists and to warn against making assumptions on the basis of scanty information. (Rule 7)

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20
Q
  1. How should a vessel assess the risk of collision?
A

By monitoring the compass bearing of an approaching vessel; if the bearing does not appreciably change, a risk of collision exists (Rule 7)

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21
Q
  1. What is the action to avoid collision as per Rule 8?
A

Any action shall be positive, made in ample time, and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship. (Rule 8)

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22
Q
  1. What is meant by “early and substantial action”?
A

Alterations of course and/or speed should be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar. (Rule 8)

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23
Q
  1. What should a vessel avoid when altering course?
A

A succession of small alterations of course and/or speed. (Rule 8)

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24
Q
  1. What does Rule 9 say about narrow channels?
A

A vessel shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable. (Rule 9)

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25
25. Who has the right of way in a narrow channel?
A vessel of less than 20m, a sailing vessel, or a fishing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway (Rule 9)
26
26. What sound signal should be made when overtaking in a channel?
Two prolonged blasts followed by one short (starboard) or two short (port). The vessel being overtaken signals agreement with one prolonged, one short, one prolonged, and one short blast. (Rule 9/Rule 34)
27
27. What is the rule regarding traffic separation schemes (TSS)?
A vessel shall proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane and keep clear of the separation line or zone. (Rule 10)
28
28. When may a vessel cross a traffic separation scheme?
A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do so, shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow (Rule 10)
29
29. What are the duties of a vessel using a TSS?
Keep clear of the separation zone, enter/leave at lane terminations at a small angle, and avoid anchoring in or near the scheme. (Rule 10)
30
30. When do the rules for vessels in sight of one another apply?
Rules in Section II apply only when vessels are in visual sight of one another. (Rule 11)
31
31. Who gives way between a power-driven and sailing vessel?
The power-driven vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing vessel. (Rule 18)
32
32. What is the meaning of the term "give-way vessel"?
The vessel that is required by the rules to keep out of the way of another vessel. (Rule 16)
33
33. What should the stand-on vessel do?
Keep her course and speed. She may take action to avoid collision as soon as it becomes apparent the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action. (Rule 17)
34
34. What should the give-way vessel do?
Take early and substantial action to keep well clear of the other vessel. (Rule 16)
35
35. What is the rule for head-on situations?
When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other. (Rule 14)
36
36. How should vessels behave in crossing situations?
The vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.(Rule 15)
37
37. What is the rule for overtaking?
Any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. (Rule 13)
38
38. What is the definition of overtaking?
When a vessel is coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam. (Rule 13)
38
39. When is a vessel deemed to be overtaking?
When she is in such a position that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of the other vessel but neither of her sidelights. (Rule 13)
39
40. Who has the right of way when overtaking?
The vessel being overtaken (the stand-on vessel) has the right of way. (Rule 13)
40
41. What are the responsibilities between different types of vessels?
Defined by the hierarchy in Rule 18, where less maneuverable vessels generally have the right of way over more maneuverable ones. (Rule 18)
41
42. Who gives way to a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver (RAM)?
Power-driven vessels, sailing vessels, and fishing vessels. (Rule 18)
42
43. What vessels must keep out of the way of a vessel engaged in fishing?
Power-driven vessels and sailing vessels. (Rule 18)
43
44. How do responsibilities differ in narrow channels vs open sea?
In narrow channels, Rule 9 (staying starboard and not impeding deep-draft vessels) takes precedence over standard Rule 18 hierarchy. (Rule 9)
44
45. What is the hierarchy of responsibilities?
1.Not Under Command (NUC); 2. Restricted Ability to Maneuver (RAM); 3. Constrained by Draught (CBD); 4. Fishing; 5. Sailing; 6. Power-driven; 7. Seaplanes/WIG. (Rule 18)
45
46. What should vessels do in restricted visibility?
Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing conditions and have her engines ready for immediate maneuver. (Rule 19)
46
47. What is the safest speed in restricted visibility?
A speed at which the vessel can be stopped within a distance appropriate to the circumstances and where the vessel can take effective action. (Rule 19/ Rule 6)
47
48. What action should be taken when hearing a fog signal forward of the beam?
Reduce speed to the minimum at which the vessel can be kept on course. If necessary, take all way off and navigate with extreme caution. (Rule 19)
48
49. Can radar information be used to avoid collision?
Yes, Rule 19 requires that a vessel detecting another by radar alone must determine if a close-quarters situation is developing and take avoiding action early. (Rule 7/Rule 19)
49
50. What is the required navigation behavior if radar is not available?
The vessel must navigate with extreme caution, maintain a safe speed, and use hearing/sight to the maximum extent possible. (Rule 5/Rule 19)
50
51. What is the purpose of lights and shapes?
To identify the vessel’s type, direction of travel, and status/limitations to other vessels during night and day. (Rule 20)
51
52. When must navigation lights be displayed?
From sunset to sunrise, and in restricted visibility or other necessary circumstances. (Rule 20)
52
53. What lights must a power-driven vessel underway show?
Masthead light (two if >50m), sidelights, and sternlight. (Rule 23)
53
54. What is the difference between sidelights and masthead lights?
Sidelights: Red/Green (112.5°); Masthead: White (225°). (Rule 21)
54
55. What lights are shown by a sailing vessel underway?
Sidelights and a sternlight. (Rule 25)
55
57. What shape should a vessel show when aground?
Three black balls in a vertical line. (Rule 30)
55
56. What lights are shown by a vessel at anchor?
An all-round white light (two if >50m). (Rule 30)
56
58. What light does a vessel not under command show?
Two all-round red lights in a vertical line. (Rule 27)
57
59. What lights does a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver display?
Red-White-Red all-round in a vertical line. (Rule 27)
58
60. What lights are shown by a vessel engaged in dredging?
RAM lights + two red (obstruction side) and two green (safe side). (Rule 27)
59
61. What shapes are shown by a fishing vessel trawling?
Two cones with apexes together (hourglass shape). (Rule 26)
60
62. What day shape is used for vessels at anchor?
One black ball. (Rule 30)
61
63. How are the lights of a towing vessel different?
Two masthead lights (three if tow >200m) and a yellow towing light above the sternlight. (Rule 24)
62
66. What are the lights and shapes of a vessel engaged in mine clearance?
Three green lights or three black balls in a triangle (masthead and yardarms). (Rule 27)
62
64. What additional lights does a vessel constrained by her draught show?
Three all-round red lights in a vertical line. (Rule 28)
63
65. What lights does a pilot vessel show?
White over Red all-round lights. (Rule 29)
64
67. What is the definition of a whistle under Rule 32?
Any sound signaling appliance capable of producing the prescribed blasts. (Rule 32)
65
68. What is the sound signal for altering course to starboard?
One short blast. (Rule 34)
66
69. What is the sound signal for altering course to port?
Two short blasts. (Rule 34)
67
70. What is the sound signal for astern propulsion?
Three short blasts. (Rule 34)
68
71. What sound signals are used in restricted visibility?
Power underway (1 long); Power stopped (2 long). (Rule 35)
69
72. What sound signal is made by a vessel at anchor?
Rapid bell ringing for 5 seconds every minute. (Rule 35)
70
73. What sound signal is made by a vessel aground?
Anchor bell signal + three separate bell strokes. (Rule 35)
71
74. What are the maneuvering signals for overtaking?
In a channel: 2 long + 1 short (Stbd); 2 long + 2 short (Port). (Rule 34)
72
75. What do five or more short blasts mean?
The doubt or danger signal. (Rule 34)
73
76. When are light signals used instead of sound signals?
To supplement whistle signals (e.g., 1 flash for Stbd). (Rule 34)
74
77. What does a rapid ringing of the bell mean?
Vessel at anchor in restricted visibility. (Rule 35)
75
78. What signals should a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver use?
One prolonged followed by two short blasts. (Rule 35)
76
79. What signal does a vessel being towed make?
One prolonged followed by three short blasts. (Rule 35)
77
80. What are the signals for pilot vessels?
May sound four short blasts in addition to fog signals. (Rule 35)
78
81. What does Rule 38 say about exemptions?
Allows technical exemptions for older vessels regarding light/sound specifications. (Rule 38)
79
82. How long can an exemption be granted?
Can be permanent for light placement; generally 9 years for sound appliances. (Rule 38)
80
83. Who can grant exemptions under COLREGs?
The Flag State Administration. (Rule 38)
81
84. What is contained in Annex I of COLREGs?
Technical details of lights and shapes positioning. (Annex I)
82
85. What is the visibility range requirement for sidelights?
1nm to 3nm depending on vessel length. (Rule 22)
83
86. What is the vertical separation of masthead lights?
At least 4.5m for vessels >50m. (Annex I)
84
87. What are the sound signal requirements in Annex III?
Technical specs for whistles, bells, and gongs. (Annex III)
85
88. What equipment is needed to comply with sound signals?
Whistle (>12m), Bell (>20m), Gong (>100m). (Rule 33)
86
89. What is the minimum range for a vessel's whistle to be heard?
0.5nm to 2nm depending on vessel length. (Annex III)
87
90. What are the technical specifications for bells and gongs?
Diameter >300mm for vessels >20m; >110dB at 1m. (Annex III)
88
91. What does Annex IV cover?
Distress signals. (Annex IV)
89
92. What is the distress signal using a gun?
Fired at one-minute intervals. (Annex IV)
90
93. What is the distress signal using a flare?
Red stars or parachute flares. (Annex IV)
91
94. What sound signal indicates a vessel in distress?
Continuous fog horn sounding or SOS. (Annex IV)
92
95. In a crossing situation, what should a stand-on vessel do if the give-way vessel does not take action?
Take action to best aid in avoiding collision. (Rule 17)
93
96. Two power-driven vessels are meeting head-on. What should each do?
Both alter course to starboard to pass port-to-port. (Rule 14)
94
97. You see a red and green light crossing left to right—what should you do?
Identify as crossing/head-on; if crossing, you give way to the vessel on your starboard. (Rule 15/Rule 14)
95
98. In restricted visibility, you hear a fog signal ahead. What action should be taken?
Slow to minimum steerage way or stop. (Rule 19)
95
99. A vessel displays three balls in a vertical line. What does it indicate?
Vessel aground. (Rule 30)
96
100. A vessel displays red-white-red lights. What type of vessel is this?
Vessel Restricted in her Ability to Maneuver (RAM). (Rule 27)
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