Common Cold

Question 1

Causative agent of common cold

Answer 1

rhinovirus or coronavirus

Question 2

pathophysiology of rhinovirus

Answer 2

enters into the body through mucosal surface like nasal cavity or eye
incubating period <2 days
peaks in 2-4 days

Question 3

How long can rhinovirus remain clinically relevant on a dry innate surface?

Answer 3

2 hours-7 days

Question 4

Cold symptoms

Answer 4

nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, mild fever, weakness

Question 5

cold symptom duration

Answer 5

peaks on day 3-4 resolve within 7 days

Question 6

What symptoms differentiate cold and flu?

Answer 6

symptom onset- flu = abrupt, cold= gradual
fever- flu= usual cold= rare
aches- flu = usual, cold= slight

Question 7

Potential complications of a cold in children

Answer 7

sinusitis
middle ear infection
bronchitis
pneumonia
exacerbation of asthma

Question 8

Possible treatment option classes for cold

Answer 8

non-drug
-nasal strips
-saline nasal flush
-handwashing
decongestants
-topical
-systemic
counterirritants
anesthetics
dietary supplements

Question 9

Nonpharmacologic recommendations to treat cold

Answer 9

rest
hdyration
humidified air
saline nasal spray
sugar alcohol nasal spray

Question 10

What is the mechanism of activation for decongestants

Answer 10

constricts baked vessels via stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptors
vasoconstriction = decreased congestion

Question 11

Duration of action for nasal phenylephrine

Answer 11

<4 hours

Question 12

duration of action for nasal naphazoline

Answer 12

2-6 hours

Question 13

duration of action for nasal tetrahydrozoline

Answer 13

2-6 hours

Question 14

duration of action for nasal oxymetazoline

Answer 14

<12 hours

Question 15

duration of action for nasal xylometazoline

Answer 15

<12 hours

Question 16

Afrin active ingredient

Answer 16

oxymetazoline hydrocholride

Question 17

warnings/precautions for Afrin

Answer 17

heart disease
high bp
thyroid disease
diabetes
enlarged prostate

Question 18

Afrin drug interactions

Answer 18

non selective beta blockers
MAO- inhibitors
tricyclic antidepressants
all due to increasing bp

Question 19

Afrin dosing in adults and children, include age restrictions

Answer 19

12+ 2-3 sprays in each nostril every 10-12 hours

Question 20

Afrin dosing maximum days

Answer 20

3-5 days

Question 21

Afrin over use side effect

Answer 21

rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound congestion)

Question 22

Privine active ingredient

Answer 22

naphazoline

Question 23

Privine dosing schedule

Answer 23

12+ 1-2 drops every 6 hours

Question 24

4-way active ingredient

Answer 24

phenylephrine

Question 25

4-way drug interactions

Answer 25

MAO- inhibitors because of hypertension

Question 26

4 way over use side effects

Answer 26

rhinitis medicamentosa

Question 27

4-way dosing

Answer 27

2-3 sprays every 4 hours max use of 3 days

Question 28

Sudafed active ingredient

Answer 28

pseudoephedrine

Question 29

Sudafed drug interactions

Answer 29

MAO-inhibitors dihydroergotamine hypertensive crisis

Question 30

Sudafed max dose

Answer 30

240 mg daily

Question 31

Sudafed dosing for adults and children

Answer 31

12+ 60mg every 4-6 hours 6-12 30mg every 4-6 hours

Question 32

Sudafed-PE active ingredient

Answer 32

phenylephrine hydrochloride never a recommendation

Question 33

Vicks VapoRub active ingredients

Answer 33

camphor menthol eucalyptus

Question 34

Vicks VapoRub age constraints

Answer 34

2+, mostly concerned about consumption