OTC > Constipation and Hemroids > Flashcards

Constipation and Hemroids Flashcards

(66 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

what is the evacuating area of the body

A

rectum and some of the sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pt definition of constipation

A

straining to stool
passage of hard dry stool
small stools
incomplete bowel evacuation
bloating/decreased freqeuncy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Factors that can affect constipation

A

diets low in calories, carbs, and fiber
inadequate fluid intake
sedentary life styles
avoiding the urge to empty the bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

factors that can affect hemorrhoids

A

constipation/diarrhea
prolonged sitting/standing
pregnancy
heavy lifting with straining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Side effects of unresolved constipation

A

cardiovascular problems
blood pressure surge
cardiac rhythm disturbances
rectal prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contraindications for self treatment of constipation

A

sudden changes in stool
recent weight loss
blood in stool
no success with previous OTCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contraindication for self care of hemorrhoids

A

Inflammatory bowel disease
polyps
fissures
abcesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Life style modifications to suggest for constipation

A

increase natural fiber intake
exercise
increase fluid intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ideal laxative would:

A
  1. nonirritating and non toxic
  2. act on only descending and sigmoid colon
  3. produces a normally formed stool within a few hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What questions should you ask before making a recommendation for constipation meds? (7)

A
  1. Tell me about your symptoms
  2. when was the last time you had a bowel movement
  3. what was the consistency
  4. do you often strain to produce a BM
  5. how quickly do you want a BM
  6. what have you tried
  7. before this current episode of conatipation how may times per week did you have a BM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of constipation meds do we have that we can recommend (based on MOA)?

A

Bulk forming
emollient
lubricant
saline
hyperosmotic
stimuland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bulk forming agents onset of action

A

24-36 hours up to 72

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What types of patients are best suited for bulking forming laxatives

A

pts that can’t add dietary fiber
postpartum women
older pts
pts with colostomies, IBS, or diverticular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ADEs with bulk forming agents

A

Abdominal cramping and flatulance
esophageal obstruction
acute bronchospasm (from inhaling the dry powder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bulking forming agent drug interactions

A

may bind other oral meds especially tetracyclines so separate dose by 2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bulk forming agent contraindications

A

Pts with intestinal ulcerations, stenosis, or disabling adhesions
pts with restricted fluid intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Precautions in bulk forming agents

A

children <6
pts at risk for hypercalcemia (HIV elderly, malignancy, or renal disease)
Diabetic pts need sugar free options
phenylketonuria’s should avoid the sugar free agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How quickly do emollient agents produce a BM?

A

24-72 hours but up to 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are emollients best used for?

A

target prevent not long standing or active constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Emollient common uses

A

prevents painful dedication and allows pt to avoid straining to stool
commonly added in colostomy prep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Side effects of emollients

A

overdoses can cause weakness, sweating, muscle cramps, and irregular heart beat
diarrhea and cramping
increases absorption of mineral oil
do not use if N/V, signs of appendicitis or undetermined abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lubricating agents onset (oral/rectal)

A

6-8 hours for oral admin
5-15 minutes after rectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do lubricating agents work?

A

softens the fecal contents by coating them and preventing absorption of water from colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lubricating agent warnings/precautions/CIs

A

generally discouraged
never use in children <6
can cause loss of fat soluble nutrients
can reduce absorption of anticoagulants, contraceptives, and digitalis
best for short term use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Saline laxative onset (oral/rectal)
30 minutes to 6 hours for oral dosing 2-5 minutes for rectal
26
Saline laxative indications
acute evacuation of the bowl
27
Saline laxative warnings/precautions/DDI
not for children <2 magnesium products can lead to hypermagnesmia interacts with anticoagulants, digitalis, phenothiazines, tetracyclines
28
Saline laxative CIs
contraindicated in pts with ileostomy/colostomy, dehydration syndromes, renal impairment pts on sodium restrictions and pts that can't tolerate fluid loss
29
Saline laxative options
magnesium citrate and sodium phosphates
30
Hyperosmotic agents examples
glycerin and PEG 3350
31
Onset of action with hyperosmotic agents
BM up to 72 hours
32
PEG 3350 indications
occasional constipation
33
Side effects of PEG 3350
boating, abdominal discomfort, cramping, and flatulence high doses can cause diarrhea
34
Glycerin onset
15-60 minutes
35
Glycerin warnings/precautions
pts with previous rectal irritation
36
Stimulants chemical types
anthraquiones and diphenylmethanes
37
Stimulant laxative warnings
prolonged use can cause harmless and reversible melantonic pigment of colonic mucosa can change color of urine prolonged use can cause metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, hypocalcemia, tentany, loss of enteric protein, and malabsorption
38
Anthraquione agents
senokot (Senna)
39
Anthraquiones onset
6-12 hours
40
Dipgenylmethane agents
bisacodyl
41
Bisacodyl formulations
tablets and suppositories
42
Stimulant side effects
tolerance sever cramping electrolyte deficencies enteric loss of proteins malabsorption hypokalemia colic increased mucosa secretions
43
When are combination products indicated
Senna and docusate combo indicated for pts taking chronic opioid pts
44
Constipation 1st and 2nd line recommendations
1. PEG 3350 (takes 3 days to start) 2. Stimulants
45
Typical signs and symptoms of hemrrohids
itching burning swelling +/- pain
46
Non-hemrorhoidal signs
pain bleeding seepage change in bowl patterns rectal prolapse
47
Hemorrhoid non-pharmacological therapy recommendations
dietary increase of fiber 25-30g of fiber and increase fluids (start low and slow) don't hold BMs get up and don't linger use mild indented soap and water
48
Pharmacological treatment categories of primary hemorrhoidal treatment
local anesthetics vasoconstrictions corticosteroids astringents protectants
49
Secondary pharmacological treatment of hemorrhoids
keratolytics analgesics/anesthetics/antipyretics
50
Local anesthetics for hemorrhoids MOA
reversible blocade of nerve impulses, effectuates greater in abraded skin
51
Local anesthetics for hemorrhoids precautions
may mask pain of more serious diseases
52
Local anesthetics for hemorrhoids API
pramoxine
53
Vasoconstrictors for hemorrhoids MOA
stimulates alpha-adrenergic constriction of arterioles and swelling reduction
54
Vasoconstrictors for hemorrhoids indications
relieves itching discomfort and irritation
55
Vasoconstrictors for hemorrhoids systemic absorption
may increase cardiac contractility, HR, and bronchodilation
56
Vasoconstrictors for hemorrhoids ADEs
nervousness, tremor, sleeplessness, nausea, loss of appetite avoid prolonged use
57
Vasoconstrictors for hemorrhoids drug interactions
antihypertensive, MOAIs, TCA
58
Vasoconstrictors for hemorrhoids API
phenylephrine
59
Corticosteroids for hemorrhoids onset
12 hours
60
Corticosteroid for hemorrhoids target symptoms
itching and pain
61
Astringent for hemorrhoids MOA
promotes coagulation of skin cells form a thick protecting barrier
62
Astringent for hemorrhoids API
witch hazel
63
Corticosteroid for hemorrhoids API
hydrocortisone
64
Astringent for hemorrhoids target symptoms
itching, irritation, and burning
65
Protectants for hemorrhoids API
mineral oil petrolatum shark liver oil
66
Protectants for hemorrhoids target symptoms
discomfort, itching, irritation, and burning associated with external and internal hemorrhoids
OTC
flashcards
Decks in class (20)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions