Common Core: Basic First Aid and Personal Hygiene Fundamentals

Question 1

What is the sequence to examine an injured person?

Answer 1

1. Keep the victim lying down with head level to body unless they are at risk of choking.
2. Do not move the victim any more than necessary. Cut or rip clothing to remove.
3. Keep the victim reassured and as comfortable as possible.
4. Do not touch open wounds or burns with anything other than sterile dressing.
5. Do not give an unconscious person anything by mouth.
6. If a broken bone is suspected, do not move the victim until the injury is immobilized.
7. Transport victim feet first, so rear litter carrier can monitor their breathing.
8. Keep the victim comfortably warm, enough to maintain body temp.

Question 2

Explain the ABCs of basic life support.

Answer 2

A- Airway
B- Breathing
C- Circulation

Maintain open airways, head tilt, chin lift.
Maintain Breathing with rescue breaths.
Maintain circulation with CPR if necessary.

Question 3

What are the symptoms and treatment of heat cramps?

Answer 3

• Excessive sweating may result in in cramps in the muscles in the abdomen, legs, and arms.
• Move person to a cool place, give them water and replacement electrolytes.

Question 4

What are the symptoms and treatment of heat exhaustion?

Answer 4

• Heat exhaustion involves serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart, and lungs causing weakness, fatigue, headache, loss of appetite, and nausea.
• Victim may appear ashen gray, cold or clammy skin, pupils dilated, rapid shallow breathing.
• Move victim to a cool area, loosen clothing, apply cool wet cloths to the head, groin, and ankles.

Question 5

What are the symptoms and treatment of heat stroke?

Answer 5

• Extremely high body temperatures. Victim had hot, dry skin and pupils are constricted.
• Cool the victims body temperature as quickly as possible with cool water. Bring them to medical facilities as soon as possible.

Question 6

Discuss capillary bleeding and how to treat it.

Answer 6

Capillary blood is usually brick red in color and oozes out slowly. Not serious and can be controlled with a bandage.

Question 7

Discuss venous bleeding and how to treat it.

Answer 7

Blood from veins is dark red. Blood escapes in a steady flow. Bandage and pressure.

Question 8

Discuss arterial bleeding and how to treat it.

Answer 8

Blood is bright red in color and gushes out in spurts that are synchronized with heartbeats. Very serious, apply pressure, bandages, and tourniquet if necessary.

Question 9

What are the procedures for Adult CPR compression to ventilation ratio?

Answer 9

When one person performs CPR, the ratio to compressions to ventilations is 15 to 2. Four cycles, then check for a pulse.

Question 10

What is the adult rescue breathing ratio and procedure?

Answer 10

When a pulse is present but no respiration, give 1 ventilation every 5 seconds and check pulse frequently.

Question 11

Describe the treatment for an open chest wound.

Answer 11

• Immediately seal the wound with any airtight material available.
• Firmly tape the material in place with strips of tape and secure with pressure dressing.
• Give the victim oxygen is available.
• Place victim on the affected side.
• Watch for signs of shock and treat accordingly.
• Do not give them anything to drink.
• Transport to a MTF immediately.

Question 12

Describe the signs, symptoms, and treatment of shock.

Answer 12

• Pulse is weak and rapid. Breathing shallow. Body cold.
• Keep victim as calm as possible.
• Liquids in small amounts unless they are burned, then they can have juice or water.
• Conservative body heat. Warm enough for comfort but do not overheat.
• Place victim so feet are higher than head.

Question 13

Explain the importance of personal hygiene/field sanitation and how does it impact readiness?

Answer 13

1. Latrines
2. Garbage Disposal
3. Low Temperature Environments
4. Water Treatment

Question 14

What are three methods of purifying water in the field?

Answer 14

1. Iodine
2. Calcium hypochlorite
3. Boiling

Question 15

What is the procedure for fractures?

Answer 15

1. Use of splints

2. Injuries to bone- closed and open fractures

Question 16

What is the procedure for sprains?

Answer 16

Cold packs for the first 24-48 hours. Moist heat can be applied after the swelling is reduced.

Question 17

What is the procedure for joint dislocation?

Answer 17

Do not attempt to reduce a dislocation unless in an emergency situation.

1. Loosen the clothing around the injured part.
2. Place the victim in the most comfortable position possible.
3. Support the injured part.
4. Treat for shock.
5. Get medical help as soon as possible.

Question 18

What are the 4 types of burns and their treatments?

Answer 18

1. First Degree: epidermal layer us irritated and red. Healing occurs naturally.
2. Second Degree: epidermal blisters. Damage extends into but not through dermis. May scar.
3. Third Degree: Penetrates into the muscle and tissue. Shock is likely.
4. Fourth Degree: charred, black, crispy, and dry. Healing not possible.

Question 19

Why is hand washing and personal hygiene important?

Answer 19

Disrupts the transfer of germs and bacteria. Wash hands with soap and potable water.

Question 20

Why is foot care important?

Answer 20

Wash feet when possible, make sure to clean between the toes. Take boots off when sleeping and try to elevate feet. Change socks daily and when they become wet.

Question 21

What is the importance of acclimatization?

Answer 21

All personnel should gradually become acclimated to heat and humidity when Mission allows. Significant heat acclimatization requires 3-5 days and full can take up to 2 weeks. Cool or cold climates take longer.

Question 22

How to apply a compress dressing.

Answer 22

Initially around the part of the limb with the smallest circumference. The terminal end should be secured with a safety pin or tape.

Question 23

What is the treatment for frostbite?

Answer 23

• Superficial frostbite can be thawed with body heat. Do not rub.
• Deep frostbite must be protected from further injury and thawed rapidly. Do not thaw if refreezing is possible.

Question 24

What is the treatment for trench foot?

Answer 24

Cold injury from prolonged exposure to wet, cold temperatures.
Handle affected area gently, do not rub. Remove wet shoes and socks. Do not rupture blisters or apply anything. May be cleansed carefully and exposed to dry air.

Question 25

What is the treatment for hypothermia?

Answer 25

Internal body temperature dropping. Shivering, feeling if listlessness, drowsiness, and confusion. Bring body temp up.

Question 26

What are the four general rules for using a stretcher?

Answer 26

1. Bring the stretcher to the casualty 2. Always fasten the victim securely to the stretcher. 3. Move victim feet first so rear barer can watch for signs of breathing difficulty. 4. Use proper lifting techniques. The bearer at the patients head calls the lift.

Question 27

Describe using a Stokes stretcher to move a patient.

Answer 27

- Padded with 3 blankets. Two lengthwise and one under the head. - Strap patient with straps over feet, thighs, hips, and chest. Can be used in ship to ship transfer. Maxed at one patient and 400lbs.

Question 28

Describe using an Army litter to move a patient.

Answer 28

Semi-rigid support used to immobilize casualty with neck or back injuries.

Question 29

Describe using a Miller board litter to move a patient.

Answer 29

Outer plastic shell with injected foam core. Fits within a Stokes basket. Impervious to chemicals and elements. Full body immobilization. Can be used in confined space and vertical extrication.

Question 30

Describe using an improvised stretcher to move a patient.

Answer 30

Must be well padded. Only for patients who can tolerate some sagging, bending, or twisting.

Question 31

Describe using a spine board to move a patient.

Answer 31

Used in the immobilization of suspected or real fractures of the spinal column.

Question 32

Describe using a emergency rescue lines to move a patient.

Answer 32

Can be used to haul a person to Safety only in extreme emergencies. Running bowling is passed around the body, just below the hips, and a half hitch is placed just under the arms.

Question 33

Describe using rescue and drag carry techniques to move a patient.

Answer 33

``` Fireman's Carry One and Two Man Support Cardy One-and-two-man arm Carry Saddleback Carry Pack-strap Carry Back lift and Carry Pistol-belt Carry Neck drag ```

Question 34

What are the steps in a 09-line MEDEVAC request?

Answer 34

1. Location of pick up 2. Radio frequency, call sign 3. Number of patients by precedent 4. Special equipment needed 5. Number of patients ambulatory or litter 6. Security at pick up 7. Method of marking at pickup site 8. Patient nationality and status 9. NBC Contamination

Question 35

Describe the proper use of a field tourniquet.

Answer 35

Should only be used as a last resort for severe, life-threatening hemorrhaging. - Apply between wound and heart. - Never loosen a tourniquet after applying. - Mark the patient on the forehead with a T and the time the tourniquet was applied.

Question 36

Explain the importance of field sanitation for latrines and how does it impact readiness?

Answer 36

Latrines must be 100 yards from water supplies and messing facilities.

Question 37

Explain the importance of garbage disposal and how does it impact readiness?

Answer 37

- Divided into wet and dry. - Must be removed before attracting flies or vermin. - Garbage pits are usually not more than 30 yards from mess areas and not less than 100 yards from water supplies.

Question 38

Explain the importance of field sanitation in low-temperature environments and how does it impact readiness?

Answer 38

- Considerations for how sewage and garbage disposal is effected by lower temperatures. - Use disposal bags.

Question 39

Explain the importance of water treatment and how it impacts readiness?

Answer 39

Safe water in sufficient amounts is essential, and water not properly treated can carry diseases and bacteria.

Question 40

What are three methods for controlling bleeding?

Answer 40

1. Direct Pressure 2. Elevating 3. Indirect pressure