EPSO Revisions > Competitiveness Compass > Flashcards

Competitiveness Compass Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Competitiveness Compass?

A

A European Commission communication (COM(2025) 30) setting the strategic framework for EU competitiveness over 2024-2029, guiding policy action and reforms.[file:2]

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2
Q

What is the root cause of Europe’s productivity gap according to the Compass?

A

A lack of innovation – Europe fails to translate ideas into marketable technologies and integrate them into its industrial base.[file:2]

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3
Q

What three transformational imperatives does the Compass identify?

A

1) Closing the innovation gap, 2) A joint roadmap for decarbonisation and competitiveness, 3) Reducing excessive dependencies and increasing security.[file:2]

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4
Q

Name the five horizontal enablers of competitiveness in the Compass.

A

1) Simplifying regulation/reducing burden, 2) Exploiting Single Market scale, 3) Financing via Savings and Investments Union and EU budget, 4) Promoting skills and quality jobs, 5) Better EU-national policy coordination.[file:2]

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5
Q

What share of global venture capital is raised in the EU vs the US?

A

EU: 5%, US: 52%, China: 40%.[file:2]

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6
Q

What is the ‘28th regime’ proposed in the Compass?

A

A single, harmonised EU-wide legal framework allowing innovative companies to operate under one set of rules instead of 27 national regimes.[file:2]

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7
Q

What does the European Innovation Act aim to achieve?

A

Promote access to research infrastructure, intellectual assets from public R&D, and regulatory sandboxes for innovators.[file:2]

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8
Q

What is the EU’s R&D spending target mentioned in the Compass?

A

3% of GDP.[file:2]

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9
Q

What is an ‘AI Factory’ under the AI Continent strategy?

A

Facilities leveraging EuroHPC supercomputers to provide computing power for start-ups, researchers and industry to train and develop AI models.[file:2]

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the EU Cloud and AI Development Act?

A

To mobilise public and private investment for AI Gigafactories specialised in training very large AI models.[file:2]

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11
Q

What will the Data Union Strategy do?

A

Improve and facilitate secure public and private data sharing, simplify the regulatory regime, and accelerate development of new AI applications.[file:2]

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12
Q

What sectors does the Apply AI Strategy target?

A

Manufacturing, automotive, energy, robotics, pharmaceuticals, aeronautics, financial services, healthcare and justice.[file:2]

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13
Q

What is the goal of the Digital Networks Act?

A

To improve market incentives for building future digital networks, reduce compliance costs, and create a more integrated Single Market for connectivity.[file:2]

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14
Q

What is the 2040 EU climate target mentioned in the Compass?

A

A 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels.[file:2]

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15
Q

What is the Clean Industrial Deal?

A

An initiative to secure the EU as an attractive manufacturing location, promote clean tech and circular business models while meeting decarbonisation goals.[file:2]

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Affordable Energy Action Plan?

A

To lower energy prices for households and businesses by improving market integration, long-term power purchase agreements, demand flexibility and fair tariff design.[file:2]

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17
Q

Why are EU energy prices higher than competitor regions?

A

Europe relies on fossil fuel imports for almost two-thirds of its energy, and Russia’s manipulation of this dependency caused major price spikes.[file:2]

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18
Q

What will the Steel and Metals Action Plan address?

A

Investment needs, access to primary and secondary materials, trade defence instruments, and long-term solutions to global non-market overcapacity.[file:2]

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the strategic dialogue with the automotive sector?

A

To address challenges around innovation, clean transition, supply security, labour/skills, fair trade, regulatory streamlining and boosting demand for EVs.[file:2]

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20
Q

What role will e-fuels play in the 2035 car emissions target?

A

A targeted amendment will allow e-fuels to contribute, ensuring a technology-neutral approach to the climate neutrality target for cars.[file:2]

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21
Q

What is the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

A

A tool to prevent carbon leakage by adjusting for carbon costs on imports; its review will consider extending scope and addressing export impacts.[file:2]

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22
Q

What is the projected growth of the EU remanufacturing market by 2030?

A

From EUR 31 billion currently to EUR 100 billion, creating 500,000 new jobs.[file:2]

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23
Q

What will the Circular Economy Act do?

A

Catalyse investment in recycling capacity, encourage substitution of virgin materials, and reduce landfilling and incineration of used raw materials.[file:2]

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24
Q

How much did transatlantic trade between the EU and US exceed in 2023?

A

EUR 1.5 trillion.[file:2]

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25
What is the EU-Mercosur Agreement expected to save EU exporters annually?
Over EUR 4 billion in customs duties per year.[file:2]
26
What are Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships?
Whole-of-government partnerships combining targeted trade/investment rules, Global Gateway investments, and regulatory cooperation.[file:2]
27
What is the purpose of the joint purchasing platform for critical raw materials?
To aggregate EU industry demand and coordinate joint purchases, increasing leverage towards foreign suppliers.[file:2]
28
What will the Critical Medicines Act aim to do?
Strengthen supply of critical medicines and their ingredients, address market failures and reduce dependency on external suppliers.[file:2]
29
What does 'European preference in public procurement' mean?
Introducing preference for European suppliers in public procurement for strategic sectors and technologies.[file:2]
30
What share of EU GDP does public procurement represent?
Approximately 14%.[file:2]
31
What will the White Paper on the Future of European Defence address?
Actions to increase defence cooperation, aggregate demand through joint procurement, promote joint R&D, and create a Single Market for defence.[file:2]
32
What is the Preparedness Union Strategy?
A strategy outlining a common approach to existing and potential threats, based on a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.[file:2]
33
What burden reduction targets has the Commission set?
At least 25% for all companies and at least 35% for SMEs, aiming to reduce around EUR 37.5 billion in recurring administrative costs.[file:2]
34
What will the first Simplification Omnibus package cover?
Far-reaching simplification in sustainable finance reporting, sustainability due diligence and taxonomy requirements.[file:2]
35
What is a 'small mid-cap' company category?
A new category larger than SMEs but smaller than large companies, allowing thousands of firms to benefit from tailored regulatory simplification.[file:2]
36
What is the purpose of the Savings and Investments Union?
To integrate and deepen EU capital markets, mobilise private investment, and channel European savings into productive EU investments.[file:2]
37
How much of EU household savings is invested outside the EU each year?
EUR 300 billion.[file:2]
38
What is the TechEU investment programme?
A programme working with EIB Group and private investors to support disruptive innovation and scale-up companies in AI, clean tech, CRM, quantum, semiconductors, life sciences etc.[file:2]
39
What additional annual investment does the Draghi Report estimate Europe needs by 2030?
EUR 750-800 billion per year, raising the investment-to-GDP ratio by around 5 percentage points.[file:2]
40
What is the European Competitiveness Fund?
A proposed fund in the next MFF to support strategic technologies and manufacturing in a more integrated fashion, accompanying projects from research to manufacturing.[file:2]
41
What is the Competitiveness Coordination Tool?
A mechanism to align EU and Member States' industrial and research policies on common priorities in strategically important areas and projects.[file:2]
42
What is the Union of Skills initiative?
A strategy focusing on investment in adult/lifelong learning, future-proof skills, fair mobility, attracting talent from third countries, and cross-border skills recognition.[file:2]
43
What share of EU SMEs report difficulty finding workers with the right skills?
Nearly four in five (80%).[file:2]
44
What is the EU employment rate record mentioned in the document?
75.3% in 2023, with unemployment at a historical low of 6.1%.[file:2]
45
What is the Skills Portability Initiative?
An initiative to facilitate recognition of acquired skills when workers move across EU Member States.[file:2]
46
What is the purpose of the Horizontal Single Market Strategy?
To modernise governance, remove intra-EU barriers, prevent new barriers, foster collaboration with Member States, and improve implementation.[file:2]
47
What is the estimated cost of remaining Single Market barriers according to the IMF?
Equivalent to a 45% tax for manufacturing and 110% for services; removing them could increase productivity by 6.7%.[file:2]
48
What happened to intra-EU trade share in 2023?
It decreased – goods trade at 23.8% and services at 7.6% of EU GDP, indicating lost integration momentum.[file:2]
49
What is the European Research Area Act intended to do?
Strengthen R&D investment towards the 3% GDP target, focus research on strategic priorities, and foster circulation of knowledge and talent.[file:2]
50
What is the Quantum Act designed to address?
Regulatory fragmentation in quantum technologies, alignment of EU and national programmes, and support for pan-European quantum infrastructure.[file:2]
51
What is the European Biotech Act for?
To provide a forward-looking framework for innovation in health technology assessment, clinical trials and leveraging biotechnologies across the economy.[file:2]
52
What is the Advanced Materials Act?
A framework to support the whole lifecycle of advanced materials from R&D to manufacturing and deployment.[file:2]
53
What is the Space Act?
A proposal to harmonise requirements for safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities, removing fragmentation from national legislation.[file:2]
54
How will competition policy be adapted under the Compass?
Revised merger guidelines will give adequate weight to innovation, resilience and investment intensity in strategic sectors.[file:2]
55
What is DARPA and why is it mentioned?
The US Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency – its model of high-risk research support inspires the European Innovation Council's work.[file:2]
56
What will the Industrial Decarbonisation Accelerator Act do?
Extend accelerated permitting procedures to more sectors, including energy-intensive industries in transition.[file:2]
57
What is the European Grids Package?
Part of the Electrification Action Plan to modernise and expand electricity, hydrogen and CO2 transport networks and storage systems.[file:2]
58
What is the Oceans Pact?
An initiative to leverage Europe's maritime area for innovation in blue technologies, clean energy production and food security.[file:2]
59
What will the Vision for Agriculture and Food address?
Long-term competitiveness and sustainability of agricultural and food sectors within planetary boundaries, ensuring food security and thriving rural areas.[file:2]
60
What is the European Climate Adaptation Plan?
A plan to improve resilience and preparedness against climate risks, including critical infrastructure resilience and nature-based solutions.[file:2]
61
What is the Water Resilience Strategy?
An EU strategy to address water scarcity, improve water management practices and infrastructure, and promote sustainable water use.[file:2]
62
What is the Internal Security Strategy?
A comprehensive EU response to online and offline security threats, integrating security by design in EU legislation.[file:2]
63
What is the Annual Single Market and Competitiveness Report?
A report used to monitor and track progress on the Competitiveness Compass annually.[file:2]
64
What is STEP (Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform)?
A regulation redirecting funding from 11 financing programmes towards digital, clean tech and biotechnology projects.[file:2]
65
What is the purpose of the InvestEU programme?
To provide broad-based investment support; it has already mobilised EUR 218 billion, with 65% from private sources.[file:2]
66
What is the Affordable Housing Plan?
A Commission initiative to address housing affordability challenges for European citizens.[file:2]
67
What is the Quality Jobs Roadmap?
A roadmap engaging social partners to address fair working conditions, decent wages, work-life balance and access to care services.[file:2]
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