Complex Movements

Question 1

What is Quadrupedal Standing?

Answer 1

• Four bases of support
• Limbs active at many joints
• Demands energy

Question 2

What is bipedal standing?

Answer 2

• Relatively small area of contact with group
• Plantar surface of feet
• Energy efficient

Question 3

When we stand how does the hip act?

Answer 3

• Posterior to joint
• Joint pushed into extension
• Extension tightens joints: locked

Question 4

Capsular ligaments of hip joint

Answer 4

• Hip in flexion: loose anteriorly, tight posteriorly
• Hip in extension: tight anteriorly, loose posteriorly

Question 5

When we stand how does the knee act?

Answer 5

• Anterior to joint
• Joint pushed into extension
• Extension tightens joints: locked

Question 6

When we stand how does the ankle act?

Answer 6

• Anterior to joint
• ‘Fall’ into dorsiflexion
• Not locked
• Plantarflexors stabilise
• Energy consumed

Question 7

Gait cycle: Early stance - Hip

Answer 7

• In flexion moving into extension
• Concentric activity of glutes and hamstrings

Question 8

Gait cycle: Early stance - Knee

Answer 8

• In extension (locked for stability)
• Isometric activity of quadriceps femoris, hamstrings and gastrocnemius

Question 9

Gait cycle: Early stance - Ankle

Answer 9

• In dorsiflexion (stable) but moving into plantarflexion
• Concentric activity triceps surae and eccentric activity of tibialis anterior control rate of foot drop

Question 10

Gait cycle: Mid stance - Hip

Answer 10

• Moving into extension
• Concentric activity of glutes and hamstrings

Question 11

Gait cycle: Mid stance - Knee

Answer 11

• Moving from extension to slight flexion
• Concentric action of hamstring and gastrocnemius

Question 12

Gait cycle: Mid stance - Ankle

Answer 12

• Moving into plantarflexion
• Concentric action of triceps surae

Question 13

Gait cycle: Late stance - Hip

Answer 13

• In extension
• Concentric activity of glutes and hamstrings

Question 14

Gait cycle: Late stance - Knee

Answer 14

• In extension as ankle moves into full plantarflexion
• Concentric action of hamstrings and gastrocnemius

Question 15

Gait cycle: Late stance - Ankle

Answer 15

• In full plantarflexion
• Concentric action of triceps surae

Question 16

Gait cycle: Early swing - Hip

Answer 16

• In extension, but moving into flexion
• Concentric activity of ilopsoas and eccentric activity of glutes and hamstrings

Question 17

Gait cycle: Early swing - Knee

Answer 17

• In flexion
• Concentric action of hamstrings and gastrocnemius

Question 18

Gait cycle: Early swing - Ankle

Answer 18

• In dorsiflexion
• Concentric action of tibilias anterior

Question 19

Gait cycle: Mid swing - Hip

Answer 19

• In flexion
• Concentric activity of ilopsoas and eccentric activity of glutes and hamstrings

Question 20

Gait cycle: Mid swing - Knee

Answer 20

• In flexion
• Concentric action of hamstrings and gastrocnemius

Question 21

Gait cycle: Mid swing - Ankle

Answer 21

• In dorsiflexion
• Concentric action of tibialis anterior

Question 22

Gait cycle: Late swing - Hip

Answer 22

• In flexion
• Concentric action of ilopsoas and eccentric action of glutes and hamstrings

Question 23

Gait cycle: Late swing - Knee

Answer 23

• In flexion but moving to extension
• Concentric action of quadriceps femoris

Question 24

Gait cycle: Late swing - Ankle

Answer 24

• In dorsiflexion
• Concentric activity of tibialis anterior; isometric activity of triceps surae