Joint Classification

Question 1

Fibrous Joints

Answer 1

• Dense fibrous connective tissue
• Structure : ligaments
• Function : limiting movement for stability
  e.g Cranial sutures

Question 2

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 2

• Some movements
• Tissue : fibrocartilage
• Various structures with specific functions
  e.g. intervertebral disc

Question 3

Synovial Joints

Answer 3

• Free moving
• Most limb joints
• Amount and direction of movement is determined by joint structure

Question 4

Synovial Joint Structure

Answer 4

• Synovial Membrane (lines joint capsule)
• Joint Capsule (layer of connective tissue around joint)
• Joint Cavity (potential space)
• Articular Cartilage (covers bone ends)
• Ligaments (hold bone together restricts movement)

Question 5

Articular Cartilage in Synovial Joint

Answer 5

• Covers bone ends where they move/articulate
• Allows for smooth, frictionless movement

Question 6

Joint Capsule in Synovial Joint

Answer 6

• Outer layer of DFCT (very strong)
• Inner layer of synovial membrane (secretes synovial fluid)
• Holds bones together
• Tight and thick where more support required
• Loose where movement is allowed

Question 7

Capsular Ligaments in Synovial Joints

Answer 7

More support is required in some joints e.g. collateral ligaments of knee
Present in MCL (medial collateral ligament) which connects femur to tibia and restricts abduction and LCL (lateral collateral ligament) which connects femur to fibula and restricts adduction

Question 8

Intracapsular ligaments in Synovial Joints

Answer 8

Additional bands of DFCT located internally to capsule holds bones together
In cruciate ligaments of knee:
ACL (anterior to tibia posterior to femur), restricts posterior displacement
PCL (posterior to tibia anterior to femur), restricts anterior displacement

Question 9

Fibrocartilaginous structures in synovial joints

Answer 9

• Small structures made of fibrocartilage that fill space and provide cushioning/shock absorption and deepen articulations
• Meniscus in knee are an example

Question 10

Range of Movement (ROM)

Answer 10

The type and amount of movement is determined by the structure of the joint : bone end shape, ligament location and length and body surface contact

Question 11

Plane Joint

Answer 11

• Multiaxial
• Sliding and gliding
• Inter carpal and tarsal joints

Question 12

Hinge Joint

Answer 12

• Uniaxial
• Flexion and extension
• Elbow

Question 13

Pivot Joint

Answer 13

• Uniaxial
• Movement is rotation
• C1-C2 vertebrae

Question 14

Condylar Joint

Answer 14

• Biaxial
• Flexion and extension
• Rotation (when flexed)
• Knee

Question 15

Ellipsoid Joint

Answer 15

• Biaxial
• Flexion and extension
• Abduction and adduction
• Circumduction
  NO ROTATION
• Wrist joint

Question 16

Saddle Joint

Answer 16

• Biaxial
• Flexion and Extension
• Abduction and Adduction
• Circumduction
• Oppostion
• Carpometacarpal joint

Question 17

Ball and Socket Joint

Answer 17

• Multiaxial
• Flexion and extension
• Adduction and abduction
• Circumduction
• Rotation
• Shoulder and hip

Question 18

Harry Potter Can’t Even Play Soft Ball (Joint Names)

Answer 18

Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Ellipsoid, Plane, Saddle, Ball and Socket

Question 19

Harry Potter Can’t Even Play Soft Ball (Axis Movements)

Answer 19

Uniaxial (HA), Biaxial (CES), Multiaxial (PB)