Congenital Structural Abnormalities

Question 1

outline the 4 congenital structural abnormalities that can occur

Answer 1

• bicornuate uterus
• imperforate hymen
• vaginal agenesis
• transverse vaginal septae

Question 2

what is bicornuate uterus?

Answer 2

where there are 2 horns to the uterus

Question 3

complications of bicornuate uterus?

Answer 3

pregnancy related:

• miscarriage
• premature birth
• malpresentation

Question 4

what is an imperforate hymen?

Answer 4

when the hymen at opening of vagina is completely formed without any opening

Question 5

diagnosis of imperforate hymen?

Answer 5

• typically when girls start to menstruate & blood cannot escape–> can lead to retrograde menstruation
• diagnosed by simple examination

Question 6

treatment of imperforate hymen?

Answer 6

surgical incision to create opening

Question 7

what is transverse vaginal septae?

Answer 7

septal wall forms transversely across vagina

Question 8

how does transverse vaginal septum present?

Answer 8

• perforate- girls will menstruate but may have difficulty inserting tampon or having sex
• imperforate- as imperforate hymen

Question 9

diagnosis and mx of transverse vaginal septae?

Answer 9

• simple examination, US or MRI
• Mx= surgical correction

Question 10

what is vaginal agenesis?

Answer 10

absence of vagina- ovaries remain in place so female sexual hormones are unaffected