Connective Tissue

Question 1

Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 1

• Lamina propria

- always irregular

Question 2

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Answer 2

• Ligaments

- Tendons

Question 3

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Answer 3

• Dermis

Question 4

Connective Tissue with Special Properties

Answer 4

• Adipose Tissue- Fat cells
• Elastic Tissue - Elastic Fibers
• Hematopoietic
• Mucous Tissue- Lining GI, Respiratory and Reproductive Tracts

Question 5

Fibroblast, Chondroblast, osteoblast, odontoblast

Answer 5

• Production of fibers and ground substance

- Structural

Question 6

Plasma Cell

Answer 6

• Production of antibodies
• Immunologic (defense)
• Have eccentric nucleus
• Have abundance of Rough ER
• Cartwheel arrangement of heterochromatin

Question 7

Lymphocyte (several types)

Answer 7

• Production of immunocompetent cells

- Immunologic (defense)

Question 8

Eosinophil

Answer 8

• Participation in allergic and vasoactive reactions
• modulation of mast cell activities and the inflammatory response
• Immunologic (defense)

Question 9

Neutrophil

Answer 9

• Phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria

- defense

Question 10

Macrophage

Answer 10

• Secretion of cytokines and other molecules
• Phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria
• antigen processing and presentation
• defense

Question 11

Mast cell and Basophils

Answer 11

• Inflammatory response

- Defense (participate in allergic reactions)

Question 12

Adipose Cell

Answer 12

• Storage of fats
• energy reservoir
• heat production

Question 13

Unilocular Adipocyte

Answer 13

• One lipid Droplet

Question 14

Multilocular Adipocyte

Answer 14

• many lipid droplets
• Brown Fat- in some animals and babies
• Increases surface area to volume ratio
• Way for adipocytes to rapidly generate heat
• Abundant Mitochondria

Question 15

Mast Cell Secretion

Answer 15

1. IgE molecules are bound to surface receptors
2. After a second exposure to an antigen, IgE molecules bound to receptors are cross linked by the antigen
3. Ca enters the cell
4. Leads to intracellular fusion of specific granules and exocytosis of their contents
   - Heparin, Histamine, Proteoglycans, ECF-A

Question 16

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

Answer 16

• unbranched polymeric disaccharide containing amino sugars
• Disaccharide (2 sugar molecules), one of them has an amino group
• polymeric - means yo have many of these disaccharide molecules

Question 17

Proteoglycans

Answer 17

• several chains of glycosaminoglycans bound to a core protein

Question 18

Glycoprotein

Answer 18

Protein with branched sugars coming off of it

Question 19

Integrins

Answer 19

• Dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits
• these determine what it binds to
• Link to extracellular components

Question 20

Functions of Collagen

Answer 20

1) Adhesion- Discrete and restricted to cells and tissues
2) Skeletal - established in vertebrates
3) Protective- Dermis
4) Messenger- acts on cell behavior

Question 21

Synthesis of Collagen

Answer 21

• Synthesis of aplha chains of preprocollagen with registration peptides.
• Clipping of signal peptide
• Hydroxylation occurs in the ER. Vitamin C dependent (cofactor)
• Gylcoslylation occurs
• Procollagen molecule is assembled as a triple helix which occurs via registration peptides
• Procollagen goes to Golgi
• Packaged into secretory vesicles
• Transported to cell surface
• Discharged into extracellular space, Procollagen peptidases cleave it to form tropocollagen, which aggregates to form collagen fibrils

Question 22

Evolution of Elastic Fibers

Answer 22

• Present in jawed but not jawless

- Elastin first appeared phylogenetically with the evolution of closed high pressure circulatory systems

Question 23

Fibrillin (oxytalan)

Answer 23

• zonule fibers- connect ciliary body to lens

- gives structural integrity for elastin

Question 24

Elaunin

Answer 24

• Accumulation of fibrillin

- Around sweat glands

Question 25

Orcein

Answer 25

- most common stain to visualize elastic fibers in tissue sections

Question 26

Reticular Fibers

Answer 26

- simply type III Collagen - Enriched in lymphoid organs and tissues (Lymph nodes and spleen) - Stain black with silver based stains

Question 27

Arteriole End

Answer 27

- Hydrostatic Pressure exceeds osmotic pressure | - Flows out of arteriole

Question 28

Venule End

Answer 28

- Osmotic pressure exceeds Hydrostatic pressure | - flows into venule