Respiratory System

Question 1

Conducting Portion

Answer 1

• Conducts air into the lungs
• Pharynx - back of the throat
• nasal cavities
• Nasopharynx - sometimes nasal cavities and pharynx are lumped together
• larynx - voice box
• Trachea - conducting tube
• Bronchi
• bronchioles
• Terminal Bronchioles

Question 2

Respiratory Portion

Answer 2

• Gas exchange
• respiratory Bronchioles - has alveolus branching off
• alveoli - sac like structure with cells that allow for gas exchange
• can also have gas exchange in the alveolar ducts

Question 3

Nasal Conchae

Answer 3

• 3 Conchae: inferior, medial and superior
• shelves of bone and cartilage that protrude into nasal cavity
• lined by respiratory epithelium
• swell bodies - thickened region where we have vasculature (venous plexus)
• -as air passes over, the blood in swell bodies helps to warm the air as it passes through
• Superior Conchae contains olfactory epithelium used for smell

Question 4

Respiratory Epithelium

Answer 4

• Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• Goblet Cells - secreting mucous
• May contain Brush cells with short microvilli
• –chemosensory receptor cells with synaptic contact to afferent nerve endings

Question 5

Olfactory epithelium

Answer 5

• upper layer nuclei are support cells
• middle layer - olfactory and bipolar neurons
• Deepest layer are basal cells

Olfactory glands

• Bowmans glands - serous glands
• pass down into lamina propria

Fila olfactoria

• bundles of nerves
• found in lamina propria
• olfactory neurons contain non motile cilia
• axons eventually make their way up to the olfactory bulb which sends signals all the way to the brain

Question 6

Larynx

Answer 6

• Voice box
• True vocal cords and False vocal cords
• contains hyaline cartilage

Question 7

True Vocal Cord

Answer 7

• Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
• contains skeletal muscle
• • vocalis muscle
• • voluntary movement of the vocalis muscle is how we speak

Question 8

False Vocal Cord

Answer 8

• lined by true respiratory epithelium
• seromucous glands - continue all the way down to the bronchi
• -combination of serous and mucous

Question 9

Trachea

Answer 9

• The wind pipe
• Respiratory epithelium
• C shaped ring of hyaline cartilage
• -smooth muscle connecting one end to the other
• seromucous glands

Question 10

Lungs

Answer 10

• Outer layer - parietal layer
• Inner layer - visceral pleura
• in between - visceral pleura cavity

Question 11

Bronchi

Answer 11

• Pair of bronchi
• Respiratory Epithelium
• C shaped ring becomes more intermittent
• intermittent plates of hyaline cartilage
• still have seromucous glands
• last structure that has hyaline cartilage and seromucous glands

Question 12

Bronchiole

Answer 12

• no cartilage and no seromucous glands

- lined by simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium

Question 13

Terminal Bronchiole

Answer 13

• Simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium

- Contains many Clara Cells

Question 14

Clara Cells

Answer 14

• Produce surfactant
  Detoxify substances
• secretes antimicrobial peptides - IgA

Question 15

Respiratory Bronchiole

Answer 15

• Simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium

- some sac like alveoli

Question 16

Alveolar Duct

Answer 16

• Squamous cells with openings to alveolar sacs

Question 17

Alveoli

Answer 17

• Alveolar Sacs lined by type I and type II pneumocytes
• Type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant
• has phagocytic macrophages
• -phagocytize inhaled substances
• gas exchange occurs across the type I pneumocytes

Question 18

Gas Movement

Answer 18

• oxygen passes across the epithelium of the type I pneumocytes
• through the basement membrane
• through epithelium of capillary
• CO2 is flowing the opposite direction

Question 19

Type II Pneumocytes

Answer 19

• produce surfactant
• surfactant makes sure that alveolus doesn’t collapse or stick together
• soapy type of consistency