Connective Tissue

Question 1

4 different types of connective tissue

Answer 1

• connective tissue proper
• blood
• cartilage
• bone

Question 2

Connective tissue proper

Answer 2

• The glue

- two types of fibre in this; loose and dense

Question 3

Loose connective tissue (features)

Answer 3

• has the most ECM

- very flexabile

Question 4

Dense connective tissue (features)

Answer 4

• Limited amount of ECM
• a lot of fibers with cells in between them (greatest conc of collogen fibres)
• ex tendons, ligs

Question 5

What makes up the ECM (3)

Answer 5

• Amorphous ground substance
• Pro fibres
• Tissue fluid (at an equilibrium)

Question 6

What is Amorphous ground substance

Answer 6

• transparent material composed of mainly glycoproteins and proteoglycans, with high water content

Question 7

What can GAGs do in amorphous ground substance

Answer 7

• have the ability to bring water to an area to maintain water content

Question 8

Collagen fibres- features

Answer 8

• inelastic and possess great tensile strength

- 6 different types

Question 9

Elastic fibbres- features, compositon

Answer 9

• composed of elastin and microfibrils

- highly elastic and may be stretched 150%

Question 10

what is elastin composed of

Answer 10

-glycine and proline

Question 11

Reticular fibres composition, where found

Answer 11

• very thin

- form fine meshed net around cells and cell groups

Question 12

The cells of connective tissue are split into these two categories

Answer 12

resident- allways in the connective tissue (fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, macrophages)

Transient- originate mainly in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream. Upon recieving the proper signal they leave the bloodstream and migrate to connective tissue ( plasma cells, lymphocytes)

Question 13

Fibroblast features

Answer 13

• most common cell type in connective tissue
• active cell type (compared to fibrocyte)
• synthesize collegen, reticular and elastic fibres

Question 14

Wound healing steps

Answer 14

inflamatory stage
proliferative phase
remodeling stage3w-2y

Question 15

Inflamatory stage (time and 2 steps)

Answer 15

0-5d

1. Hemostasis- clotting and vasoconstriction to stop blood
2. inflammation- vasodialation to bring blood nutrienst

Question 16

Proliferative phase (time and 3 steps)

Answer 16

2d-3w

1. Granulation (collagen and new cappilaries)
2. Contraction (wound edges close)
3. Epithlialization

Question 17

How do macrophages originate

Answer 17

-originate from monocytes which migrate to connective tissue and diferentiate into tissue macrophages

Question 18

Main functions of macrophages

Answer 18

-ingestion by phagocytosis of mcroorganisms, breakdown of aged cells

Question 19

What do mast cells contain

Answer 19

Primary mediators- heparin, histamine and neutrophil chemotactic factors

Secondary mediators- prostaglandins, leukotrienes

Question 20

Plama cells (where are they pressent and what do they do

Answer 20

• scattered through the connective tissue, they are present in greatest numbers in area of chronic inflammation
• derived from b lymphocytes

Question 21

Alergic rxn steps

Answer 21

Allergen comes in contact with B cell
B cell releases antibodies that goes into muscle (mast cell)
Next time there is contact w an allegen histamine and other chems are released