Construction Technology Flashcards

Question

What are the approved documents?

Answer 1

The Approved Documents provide guidance on ways to meet the building regulations. * Part A - Structure * Part B - Fire Safety * Part C - Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture * Part D - Toxic Substances * Part E - Resistance to the passage of sound * Part F - Ventilation * Part G - Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency * Part H - Drainage and Waste Disposal * Part J - Combustion appliances and fuel storage systems * Part K - Protection from falling, collision and impact * Part L - Conservation of fuel and power * Part M - Access to and use of buildings * Part N - Glazing Safety (Withdrawn) * Part P - Electrical Safety * Part Q - Security * Part R - Physical infrastructure for high-speed electronic communications networks. * Regulation 7 - Materials and workmanship

Answer 2

* It is a dynamic component designed to safely absorb the expansion and contraction of construction materials * Movement joints can also allow for movement associated with ground settlement of seismic activity

Answer 3

* Substructure is the lower portion of the building (in the ground) which supports the superstructure * Transmits the loads of the building to the ground * Includes foundations , basements and retaining walls

Answer 4

• When concrete is poured to vertical formwork. When the concrete has gained structural strength, the formwork is moved upwards where more concrete is poured and slowly forming the structure

Answer 5

* Space that ready to move into which includes floor finishes, café, tea points and kitchen areas * Furniture * Branded material and décor

Answer 6

* Design * Life * Maintenance * Initial cost * More time for curing for rigid

Answer 7

* It provides a framework for preventing and resolving disputes in relation to party walls, boundary walls and excavations near neighbouring buildings * Act is separate from obtaining planning permission or building regulations approval

Answer 8

• It is a wall that hold back the soil behind it. It resists the lateral pressure of the soil where there is a change in ground elevation.

Answer 9

* Fire ratings and acoustic requirements * Thermal * Requirement for doors and internal windows * Strength and structural requirements including fixing details * Robustness * Height of partition

Answer 10

* The total load of the building * Near by buildings * Ground/soil capacity * Cost

Answer 11

• Design for the vertical transportation of materials and or people

Answer 12

* Method of measuring and managing the lifetime costs of any project * life cycle costs are those associated directly with constructing and operating the building until its end of life

Answer 13

1. Surface Course 40mm 2. Binder course 60mm 3. reinforced concrete 4. Base course - granular base - Type 1 5. subbase -existing soil - optional 6. subgrade - clay

Answer 14

* It is a continuous slab that extends over the entire footprint of the building. * The raft spreads the load of the building over a larger area than the other foundations, the stress acting the ground below is reduced.

Answer 15

* Used for ground where the subsoil is of good bearing capacity * Consists of a continues strip of concrete formed centrally under load bearing walls.

Answer 16

* Intumescent paint is a passive fire protection system. | * Rapidly expands to protect the surface that it is applied to delaying the spread of the fire

Answer 17

• They ensure that new buildings, conversions, renovations and extensions (domestic or external) are going to be safe, healthy and high performing.

Answer 18

• Rigid is design to withstand more loads than flexible and as a result rigid includes a Benefits • Longer span • More durable • Low repairing and maintenance costs Drawbacks • Costly • Take time to cure

Answer 19

• Form of temporary support given to existing buildings and excavations. The purpose is to prevent collapse or excessive movement.

Answer 20

* Asbestos * High alumina cement in structural elements * Urea formaldehyde

Answer 21

* Vertical extension of wall that go over a above the level of the roof * Used for aesthetic reasons, for example hiding plat roof, and enable maintenance to take place.

Answer 22

* Maximum occupy numbers * Fire evacuation plan * Fire extinguishers * Fire alarms * Sprinklers * Smoke control systems * Fire barriers in floor, wall and ceiling cavities

Answer 23

``` Advantages • Faster construction • Relatively lightweight • Aesthetically pleasing • Sustainability (when harvest responsibly Disadvantages • Skilled workmanship is required to achieve a high quality finish • Potential for wet rot, dry rot etc • Fire protection might be required ```

Answer 24

* It requires reasonable adjustments to be made when providing access to goods, facilities and services * Building regulations part M

Answer 25

* Labor * Plant like excavator, road saw, cat and genny, petrol saw, compressor, whacker plate, generator * Materials – concrete, mesh muck away , type 1, asphalt * Risk

Answer 26

* Mark area that you will be excavating * Make sure you have all the paper work in place, you understand the Rams etc * Use a petrol/floor saw and water to suppress dust and cool the blade * Cat and genny * before we resort to excavating by hand, we always look the see if alternative safe digging methods can be used such as mooring, directional drilling

Answer 27

0: Strategic Definition 1: Preparation and Briefing 2: Concept Design 3: Spatial Coordination 4: Technical Design 5: Manufacturing & Construction 6: Handover and Close Out 7: In Use

Answer 28

• 60 bricks per m2

Answer 29

* Sprinkles head are usually heat activated | * A liquid filled glass bulb will shatter to activate a sprinkler realizing water

Answer 30

* Cement * Aggregate * Water

Answer 31

* Vibro compaction * Vibro stone columns * Dynamic compaction * Soil mixing * Dynamic compaction * Dynamic replacement

Answer 32

* It is the boundary between the exterior and the interior of the building * This includes the windows, brickwork, cladding, curtain walls

Answer 33

* Standard boards * Fire boards * Acoustic board * Moisture resistant boards

Answer 34

* It is when the façade of the building is reserved while the rest of the structure is remodeled or new structure is build behind it * Used when restoring listed buildings

Answer 35

• It is a nonstructural cladding system where glass panels are fixed on aluminum frame.

Answer 36

• Driven pile is formed off site in a factory and bored pile is manufactured on site.

Answer 37

• Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning

Answer 38

* Concept design * The outcome is that the architectural concept is approved by the client and aligned to the project Brief. * So different proposals are assessed based on site requirements, special requirements, etc. and one is agreed, * Regular design reviews in order to seek comments from the client and other project stakeholders.

Answer 39

• 215mm x 102.5mm x 65mm

Answer 40

• pipe that diverts the flow of gas/water/power to make a strech of the existing pipe redundant

Answer 41

``` Advantages • Faster to erect than concrete • Span over longer distances • Recyclable • High strength to weight ratio Disadvantages • Fire protection might be required • Price fluctuates • Price of steel can be volatile • Steel frames do not have the same acoustic and thermal properties of a concrete frame ```

Answer 42

* It is a form passive fire protection | * Divide the structure into fire compartments to limit the spread of fire

Answer 43

* permit to dig, * Look at utilities drawings , * Cat and genny * Use competent people * Insulated tools

Answer 44

* End bearing is when the load is transfer to a hard surface such as a rock and therefore the load is transferred to a strong layer * Friction pile tis when the load is transferred the load into the soil through the sides of the pile.

Answer 45

* Different type of drainage system that uses anti vortex plate that allows it to operate at full capacity, rather than part full in conventional drainage system. * Benefits – fewer roof outles and down pipes, higher rate of efficiency water is emptied quicker * Pipe diameter are smaller due to full volume discharge

Answer 46

* Set up traffic management, make area safe * No mechanical excavation around 500mm * Treat services as live * Take pictures and report any damages * If you smell gas follow emergency procedures

Answer 47

• small opening in the outer skin of a masonry construction, to provide ventilation to the cavity and allow moisture to drain away

Answer 48

* Building used, operated and maintained efficiently. * Post occupancy evaluation, facilities management, asset management * Design and construction team don’t participate.

Answer 49

* Need to take reasonable steps to identify if where the services is * GPR survey * Permit to dig * Permit from local authority * Personnel needs to be competent * Rams in place (to identify site specific hazards)

Answer 50

• Strengthen foundations of a structure. One way to do it is replacing the soil under the foundations with boxed shaped concrete. It could be done due to: • Stabilizing foundations undergoing settlement • Foundations that might have moved due to settlement • Damage caused by erosion, subsidence, or heave • Increase the load capacity of foundations

Answer 51

* When lengths of steel wire , bales or ropes are stretched and anchored are poured with concrete. * It is a way to reinforce concrete

Answer 52

• Fire protection in inherent in the structure • Cladding and other finishes can be fixed direct to the frame • Provides good sound and heat insulation • High compressive strength Disadvantages • Don’t span long distances like steal • Require formwork • Slower to construct on site • Long curing time , maximum strength is typically achieved after 28 days.

Answer 53

* Fan coil unit * Air handling unit * Variable air volume system (VAV)

Answer 54

• They are usually, rectangular, square, or sometimes circular concrete pads that support single-point loads like columns by spreading the load on the ground.

Answer 55

• California bearing ratio • Tests the load bearing capacity of the ground to inform foundation design and construction details for other ground bear elements harder the surface higher the CBR

Answer 56

* Uninterruptible power supply * It provides an alternative ‘no break’ electrical supply in situations where it is important no loss of electrical supply. * Used in hospitals, data centers, IT server rooms

Answer 57

* Supplying fresh air through a means of passive forces , typically wind, such as simply using windows. * There are no mechanical systems

Answer 58

* It is the upwards movement of ground usually when the clay soil get wet. * Usually caused in areas where trees have been removed

Answer 59

* Technical design * All design information required to manufacture and construct the project completed. * Integrate specialist subcontractor in the design

Answer 60

Benefits • Low Cost • Easy to repair • Easy to install Drawback • Short life span • Less durable

Answer 61

* Long term value * Green building certification credits, you get credit points for BREEAM * Reduce cost over all -

Answer 62

* Sustainable urban drainage systems * SUDS are designed to manage stormwater locally mimicking natural drainage * Help reduce reliance on existin drainage infrastructure * Example filter strip or drains

Answer 63

It is a management system that aims to reduce to the minimum any risk of injury in relation to excavations. It includes. All permits and licences for site work. Compilation of all survey data. Identification of utilities on site. On-site mark out of utilities using appropriate methods (spray paint included). Confirms its okay to excavate a free from any risks

Answer 64

* Pile is a column that extend into the ground * Usually made from steel or reinforced concrete * Deep foundations * When poor capacity is poor * Types: End bearing pilers, friction piles * Main construction methods: bored piles, driven concrete piles

Answer 65

* It is the structural components of a building constructed above the ground level * Such as columns slabs, beams, walls

Answer 66

Stage 0 Strategic definition – Order of magnitude Stage 1 Preparation and briefing – Agree project budget Stage 2 Concept design – Form a cost plan Stage 3 Spatial Coordination- Design studies to be checked against cost plan to check if it align with the project budget – you get greater certainty which might decrease contingencies. Stage 4 Technical Design- Updated cost plan, prepare a bills of quantity , pricing schedule . Undertake tender and appoint conductor Stage 5 Manufacture and Construction– CVR, monitor costs, manage any change, issue instructions m undertake interim valuations Stage 6 Handover – Calculate and agree the adjusted contract sum, Final certificate issues Stage 7 Use– You can embed construction data sources during construction in the facilities management operating model

Answer 67

• Is the intentional fan driven floor of outdoor air into a building, such as using air conditioning units, mechanical fans, exhaust fans

Answer 68

* It is used to identify the ground condition and how they will impact the proposed development * For example based on this investigation if there is poor soil, pile foundations might be used * Also, it determines if the soil is contaminated and the different structural integrity of the soils and rock * Topography of land and direction of ground water movement

Answer 69

* Tanking – materials such as asphalt , polyethene are applied internally or externally to provide a continuous membrane to slab and walls * Drained cavity – A method that accepts a small amount of water seepage to occur. Cavity (empty space) walls ar formed where water seepage is collected in the cavity and drained or pumped away

Answer 70

* Single-phase has a single wire and 3 phase uses three wires to distribute current and both have a neutral wire and earth wire * Three-phase is distributing more load and it is meant for commercial buildings. * Single phase is for houses (less current needed

Answer 71

* Stripping topsoil * Reduced level dig * Cut and fill * Excavation for foundations * Excavation for bridge * Excavation for trip

Answer 72

Advantages • Any size or shape of pile can be formed on site • No risk of damage during delivery and handling • Reduced vibrations and noise Disadvantages • Significant spoils are generated that need to be handled • Reliance and coordination on multiple trades (reinforcement crew, pilling crew)

Answer 73

* Strip foundations * Pad foundations * Raft foundations * Piled foundations

Answer 74

* Permit to dig * Permit from local authority * Personnel needs to be competent * Rams in place (to identify site specific hazards)

Answer 75

* Programme requirements * Fire protection * Acoustic and thermal properties * Market conditions and supply costs * Site logistics and general site constrints * Sustainability (BREEAM) * Mechanical and electrical services strategy * Future expansion requirements

Answer 76

* It is identifying the best means of satisfying the client requirements. * Prepare client requirements * Prepare business case * Rough order of magnitude * Review feedback from other projects * Only client team involved

Answer 77

* Topographical surveys * Site investigation * Asbestos survey * Drainage CCTV survey * UXO survey (unexploded ordnance survey) * Condition surveys

Answer 78

* Special Coordination * Outcome to Architectural and engineering information spatially coordinated * Preparing detailed design and undertaking engineering analysis to check assumptions made on stage 2. * Design studies should be aligned to cost exercises to understand if the cost plan aligns with the project budget * Prepare design programme

Answer 79

* Manufacturing and construction * Manufacture building systems and construct building * Inspect Construction quality * Resolve site queries * Undertake commissioning * Issuing practical completion * Preparation for handover- building manual

Answer 80

* Royal institute of architects * It organizes the process of briefing, designing, constructing, and operating building projects into eight stages * Explains the stage outcomes, core tasks, and information exchanges required at each stage

Answer 81

* Highways Act 1980 * New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (NRSWA) * You need to get a Section 50 agreement

Answer 82

* It’s when there is a formwork continually moving vertically and concrete is poured on top of it, and as the concrete cures the structure is being formed * Used to build towers

Answer 83

* It provides a basic level of finish of a building with the provision of simply floors, suspended ceilings, partitions along with basic mechanical electrical services * Cat A space is often a bare-bones finish that is considered a blank canvas for interior and office designers

Answer 84

* Floor raised with pedestals above the structural slab | * The system allows cables to be located under the raised floor in the void

Answer 85

• Its a when a column is connected to a rafter with eaves connections providing a long clear span. This is usually to construct warehouses, where a large are of open space is needed.

Answer 86

* Preparation and Briefing * Prepare project brief * Client requirement considered more detailed * Select design team for stage 2 * Agree project budget * Prepare programme

Answer 87

* By not carrying out the bypass that would mean that we won’t have to break ground, excavate, and undertake the diversion * You had the additional cost of carrying out the trial hole however * That resulted in a 9k saving

Answer 88

• The team will be put to different tasks on an excavation on Chase Road which will be undertaken quicker

Answer 89

* So one option you had a team carrying out excavation and exposing themselves in the H&S risk that comes with it i.e contaminated ground, working in a confined space, the collapse of sides * And the other option you had eliminate this risk altogether by simply not carrying it out.

Answer 90

1. Carry out survey of existing assets. Survey should include desktop survey of service drawings, on-site non-intrusive survey and intrusive trial-hole surveys (if suitable). 2. Informed by survey information, carry out a full design for position on new assets and gain appropriate approvals. 3. Excavate and install pipes and fittings for the new diversion, with the use of trial holes to route prove. 4. Gain appropriate permissions from the utility company for commissioning, inform residents/businesses of planned supply interruptions and carry out commissioning of new assets. 5. Appropriately abandon redundant assets

Answer 91

* life cycle costs are those associated directly with constructing and operating the building until its end of life * Whole life costs include other costs such as land, income from the building and support costs associated with the activity within the building.

Answer 92

* Long term value * Green building * Lower costs in the long term

Answer 93

• CFA piles are formed by drilling to required depth then concrete is poured, while the concrete is still fluid a reinforcing cage is dropped in. Benefits Virtually vibration-free Low noise emissions Disadvantages Removal and disposal of spoil material generated from the pile Strict quality control and thorough supervision is required during the pile installation

Answer 94

• Long pile driven into the ground installed by impact hammering, vibration into the ground.

Answer 95

• a place which is substantially enclosed (though not always entirely), and where serious injury can occur from hazardous substances or conditions within the space or nearby The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 • need to put in place adequate emergency arrangements before the work start • avoid entry to confined spaces, e.g. by doing the work from the outside; • if entry to a confined space is unavoidable, follow a safe system of work; and

Answer 96

Steel sheet piling and steel trench shitting (with walling) (Trench shitting is a lightweight version of sheet piling) Hydraulic support such as GRP trench boxes (Glass-reinforced plastic) .

Construction Technology Flashcards

(120 cards)