Contempt & Anger (2)

Question 1

Why is hate hard to study?

Answer 1

Lacks a distinctive nonverbal expression. It is experienced more rarely than other emotions. Experimental studies on hate are ethically problematic.

Question 2

What are the most important components of emotions?

Answer 2

The most important components of emotions are appraisals, action tendencies, physiological changes, and nonverbal expressions.

Question 3

Why are emotions assumed to be short-lived?

Answer 3

Emotions evolved to provide a quick and dirty solution to recurrent adaptive problems.

Question 4

The nature of the negative emotion (hate and/or contempt) is elicited depending on what?

Answer 4

The nature of the transgression How to the individual appraises the transgression. On one’s relationship with the transgressor. On the impact of the transgression on one’s self-esteem. And one one’s future relation with the target of the emotion.

Question 5

According to philosophers, what is contempt caused by?

Answer 5

Disrespect, detachment, or putting low comparative value on someone, thereby creating social distance.

Question 6

How is contempt different from anger?

Answer 6

Contemptuous individuals appraise their target as inferior and are motivated to move away from it - rather than attacking it, like in anger.

Question 7

Describe the Methods & Results of the Albanian anger study

Answer 7

Participants were were asked to imagine an interpersonal assault carried out by Serbian individuals, and then rate their emotions and appraisals in response to the event. The results showed that the intensity of hate was positively associated with appraisals of malicious intent and immoral character.

Question 8

What did Halperin find in his hate study and the replication of that study with Israeli participants?

Answer 8

Found hate to be the goal of ostracizing the out-group. Or the elimination of the out-group.

Question 9

How does hate differ from anger?

Answer 9

Hate is more intense than anger and differs in its motivation to eliminate the target, rather than to merely confront the target. Anger aims for the suffering of its target, whereas hate aims for its destruction.

Question 10

What are sentiments?

Answer 10

Sentiments are long-term affective states, based on more global appraisals of events, individuals, or groups.

Question 11

What function does Contempt and Hate hold?

Answer 11

Both serve a social distancing function, as they were likely selected for their ability to motivate distancing between the emoter and a target appraised as intrinsically bad.

Question 12

What’s the universal facial expression for contempt?

Answer 12

The unilateral lip curl.

Question 13

Is contempt characterized by high arousal? Are there any specific physiological or neurological signals that are associated with contempt.

Answer 13

Nope and nope.

Question 14

What did Hume think hate was?

Answer 14

The opposite of what causes love.

Question 15

Has there been any physiological data used yet when it comes to studying hate?

Answer 15

No.

Question 16

What does it mean that people who have developed sentiments of contempt or hate are also more likely to fall prone to fundamental attribution error?

Answer 16

It implies we are more likely to explain others’ behaviors in terms of character dispositions rather than contextual information.