Control Theory

Question 1

Who is the sociologist?

Answer 1

Pat Carlen

Question 2

What did Carlen use in his study?

Answer 2

Unstructured tape recorded interviews

Question 3

What did Carlen conduct a study on?

Answer 3

39 15-46 year old W/C women who had criminal convictions

Question 4

What did the W/C women have criminal convictions on?

Answer 4

Theft, fraud, drugs, prostitution, violence, arson

Question 5

How many were in prison at the time of the interviews?

Answer 5

20 women

Question 6

What did Carlen notice in her study?

Answer 6

Most convicted serious female criminals were W/C more than M/C

Question 7

What does her theory examine?

Answer 7

Women’s conformity through 2 societal deals

Question 8

What are the societal deals?

Answer 8

Class and Gender Deals

Question 9

What do societal deals operate as?

Answer 9

Mechanisms

Question 10

What do the mechanism societal deals encourage?

Answer 10

Conformity to value consensus

Question 11

What do the societal deals discourage?

Answer 11

Criminal behaviour

Question 12

How do the societal deals discourage criminal behaviour?

Answer 12

They offer emotional and material rewards for conformity

Question 13

What does the gender deal promise?

Answer 13

Emotional rewards via obeying gender roles

Question 14

What are the traditional gender roles?

Answer 14

Being a wife, mother, caregiver

Question 15

What are the emotional rewards?

Answer 15

Love, support

Question 16

What can women feel within gender deals?

Answer 16

A sense of belonging within family and community

Question 17

Why do gender deals discourage deviance?

Answer 17

Could disrupt relationships and benefits

Question 18

What do class deals promise?

Answer 18

Material rewards via legitimate employment

Question 19

What is an example for gender deals?

Answer 19

Nurturing mother who fulfils societal expectations

Question 20

What is the result of an obedient nurturing mother?

Answer 20

Gain love and support in gender deal

Question 21

What can women contribute in their jobs?

Answer 21

They contribute their help to society

Question 22

How can women gain access to financial security?

Answer 22

Via hard work, earning a steady income

Question 23

What is an example for class deals?

Answer 23

Employed women feel comfort + achievement via income

Question 24

Why does Carlen argue that these deals may fail?

Answer 24

Due to poverty, unemployment, abuse, denied opp

Question 25

What is the result of the societal deals failing?

Answer 25

Women turn to crime

Question 26

Why do those women turn to crime?

Answer 26

To achieve their emotional and material needs

Question 27

What is an example for women turning to crime?

Answer 27

A single mother facing economic hardship

Question 28

What is the result of the single mother facing economic hardship?

Answer 28

She may resort to fraud or shoplifting

Question 29

Why may the single mother resort to shoplifting/fraud?

Answer 29

To provide for her children, when legitimate means prove insufficient

Question 30

Who may seek emotional validation through deviancy?

Answer 30

Isolated women Women who feel unsupported in their caregiver role

Question 31

What is the critique?

Answer 31

Deterministic tone that undermines free will

Question 32

What does this theory fail to recognise?

Answer 32

Women can be shaped by internal factors too, not just external factors