Copper

Question 1

Acute toxicosis

Answer 1

• not common
• comes from ingestion of lots of copper
• CS: severe GI signs due to corrosive nature
• supportive and symptomatic treatment

Question 2

Source for Chronic copper toxicosis in sheep

Answer 2

• excess copper (feed additives, natural in soil, soil fertilized with pig or poultry litter)
• Molybdenum def.
• sulfate def.

Question 3

what should the ratio of copper to molybdenum be

Answer 3

6:1

Question 4

Properties

Answer 4

without molybdenum and sulfate, there is nothing to bind to copper to reduce absorption and help excretion

Question 5

Toxicity

Answer 5

• Accumulation takes 2-10 weeks in sheep
• liver damage may hasten this
• stress can also release more copper

Question 6

Toxicokinetics in sheep

Answer 6

• Absorbed from intestines
• liver removes most of it
• excreted in bile

Question 7

MOA in sheep

Answer 7

• accumulation causes liver degeneration and necrosis
• excess copper in blood causes hemolytic crisis
• oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin

Question 8

Clinical signs in sheep

Answer 8

• sudden onset of weakness, anorexia, pale mm, icterus, blood in urine, fever , dyspnea, shock

Question 9

Lesions in sheep

Answer 9

• Icterus
• hemolysis
• methemoglobinemia
• liver is enlarged, yellow and friable
• kidneys are enlarged, hemorrhagic, blue and friable- gunmetal
• spleen is enlarged and dark brown to black

Question 10

Chem analysis of sheep

Answer 10

• Elevated blood or serum Cu
• Elevated liver and kidney Cu
• Elevated AST and LDH (3-6 weeks before crisis)

Question 11

Treatment of sheep

Answer 11

• Ammonium tetrathiomolybate
• D- penicillamine
• Molybdenized copper phosphate sprayed on pastures
• fix food ratio
  supplemental zinc

Question 12

What breed is copper toxicosis seen in dogs

Answer 12

• Bedlington terrier
• autosomal recessive disorder
• 2-6 years of age
• also is westies, skye terriers and dobies

Question 13

MOA in dogs

Answer 13

• Extra free copper= chronic active hepatitis and liver necrosis
• lipid peroxidation of mitochondrial membranes
• hemolytic crisis less likely