Correct values

Question 1

List the normal blood gas values:
pH
PaO2
PaCO2

Answer 1

pH: 7.35-7.45
PaO2: 90-100
PaCO2: 35-45

Question 2

List the normal blood gas values:
HCO3-
BE
SaO2

Answer 2

HCO3-: 22-26
BE: -2 to 2
SaO2: 95-98%

Question 3

Formula for VO2

Answer 3

10 x kg^(3/4) = VO2

Question 4

Formula for VCO2

Answer 4

8 x kg^(3/4) = VCO2

Question 5

Alveoar Gas/Air Equation

Answer 5

PAo2= [FiO2 x (Pb - PH2O)] - PaCO2 / 0.8

https://youtu.be/vrjK4gxa-48

Question 6

Formula for arterial O2 content/dL

Answer 6

(hgb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003)

Question 7

PBW (predicted body weight) equation for a male.

Answer 7

50 + 0.91(cm height - 152.4)kg = male PBW

PBW is used to determine your tidal volume (5 - 8cc/kg).

Question 8

PBW (predicted body weight) equation for a female

Answer 8

45.5 + 0.91 (cm height -152.4)kg = female PBW.

PBW is used to determine your tidal volume (5 - 8cc/kg).

Question 9

Formula for MAP.

What is the normal adult range?

Answer 9

[SBP + (2xDBP) / 3]

Normal range: 70-105mmHg

Question 10

Normal CO

Answer 10

4-8 L/min

Question 11

Formula for CI

Normal range for CI?

Answer 11

(CO / BSA)

2.5 - 4 L/min

Question 12

Normal CVP range?

Answer 12

2-6 mmHg

Question 13

Normal PCWP?

What does PCWP measure?

Answer 13

8-12 mmHg

Helps measures LA pressure, along with L heart function (mitral valves & LV filling pressure).

Question 14

Normal PVR?
(pulmonary vascular resistance)

Answer 14

50 - 350 dynes/cm/sec^-5

Question 15

Normal SVR?

Answer 15

700 - 1400 dynes/cm/sec^-5

Question 16

Normal EF?

Answer 16

55-70%

Question 17

Normal mPAP? sPAP? dPAP?

Answer 17

mPAP: ~15mmHg
sPAP: 15-30 mmHg
dPAP: 5-15 mmHg

Question 18

Formula for Shock Index

Answer 18

(HR / SBP)

> 1 = increased M&M & chance of Mass Transfusion protocol (MTP)

Question 19

EBV of preemie

Answer 19

95ml/kg

Question 20

EBV of term infant

Answer 20

85ml/kg

Question 21

EBV of infant - 12mo

Answer 21

80kg/ml

Question 22

EBV of male adult/child

Answer 22

75ml/kg

Question 23

EBV of female adult/child

Answer 23

65ml/kg

Question 24

EBV of morbid obese (BMI >40)

Answer 24

60ml/kg

Question 25

Allowable blood loss (ABL) formula Hdt. Allowable?

Answer 25

[(EBLxHct initial) - (EBVx Hct allowable)] x3 30%

Question 26

# Fluid Replacement Equivalent Crystalloids

Answer 26

3ml / 1ml EBL

Question 27

# Fluid Replacement Equivalent Colloids

Answer 27

1ml / 1ml EBL

Question 28

# Fluid Replacement Equivalent Whole Blood

Answer 28

1ml / 1ml EBL ## Footnote *same as colloids

Question 29

# Fluid Replacement Equivalent PRBC

Answer 29

0.5ml / 1ml EBL ## Footnote PRBC Hct = 70%

Question 30

# Fluid Replacement Equivalent How much EBL is in a fully soaked 4x4 guaze?

Answer 30

10 ml

Question 31

# Fluid Replacement Equivalent How much EBL is in a fully soaked 'lap' pad?

Answer 31

100-150cc

Question 32

What is the 4-2-1 rule for maintenance fluids?

Answer 32

1st 10kg = 4cc/kg/hr 2nd 10kg = 2cc/kg/hr Every kg >20 = 1cc/kg/hr

Question 33

How do you accomodate for an NPO deficit with maintenance fluids?

Answer 33

(maintenance rate x #hrs NPO)

Question 34

What are the estimated evaporated losses? (minimal, moderate, severe)

Answer 34

Minimal = 0.2 mL/kg/hr Moderate = 2 - 4 mL/kg/hr Severe = 4 - 8 mL/kg/hr

Question 35

BMI formula(s)

Answer 35

## Footnote 1in = 0.025meters

Question 36

Healthy BMI range

Answer 36

18.5 - 25

Question 37

Overweight BMI

Answer 37

>25

Question 38

Obese BMI

Answer 38

>30

Question 39

Morbidly obese BMI

Answer 39

>35-40

Question 40

Super morbidly obese

Answer 40

>55

Question 41

List the IBW formulas. (male, female)

Answer 41

Male: (cm Ht - 100)=kg Female (cm Ht - 105)=kg ## Footnote 1in = 2.5cm

Question 42

Dose of ephedrine for HoTN? Main receptor(s)?

Answer 42

5mg Beta > Alpha (B1, B2, A1, A2)

Question 43

Dose of Neosynephrine for HoTN? Main receptor(s)?

Answer 43

100mcg ⍺

Question 44

Labetalol dose for HTN? Main receptor?

Answer 44

5mg β (7:1) Nonselective beta:alpha | Tachyphylaxis can occur ## Footnote No reflex tachycardia b/c beta Lowers systemic BP by decreasing SVR (alpha) Preferred for pregnancy induced hypertension

Question 45

Esmolol dose for HTN? Main receptor?

Answer 45

10mg β1

Question 46

Hydralazine dose? Main receptor?

Answer 46

5mg Directly vasodilates on the smooth muscle of the arterioles.

Question 47

# LABS Hct (male, female)

Answer 47

male: 42-52 g/dL female: 37-47 g/dL

Question 48

# LABS Hgb (male, female)

Answer 48

male: 14-18 g/dL female: 15-16 g/dL (seems high...I use 13-16 lolz)

Question 49

# LABS WBCs

Answer 49

4k-11k microL

Question 50

# LABS Plts

Answer 50

150k-450k microL

Question 51

# LABS K+

Answer 51

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 52

# LABS Mg

Answer 52

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 53

# LABS Ca++

Answer 53

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

Question 54

# LABS iCa++

Answer 54

**4.8 - 5.3 mg/dL** (easy to remember bc it's 1/2 of normal Ca++ level) or **1.1 - 1.3 mmol/L** (used often)

Question 55

# LABS Phos

Answer 55

1.8 - 2.6 mEq/L

Question 56

# LABS Cl-

Answer 56

100-108 mEq/L

Question 57

# LABS BUN & Creatinine

Answer 57

BUN: 10-20 mg/dL Creatinine: 0.6-1.3 mg/dL

Question 58

# LABS Albumin

Answer 58

3.5-5.5 g/dL

Question 59

# LABS PT

Answer 59

11-14 sec ## Footnote WEPT (warfarin, extrinsic, PT level)

Question 60

# LABS INR

Answer 60

1 sec ## Footnote Normal INR on Warfarin: 2-3secs

Question 61

# LABS PTT

Answer 61

21-34 sec ## Footnote On heparin = varies (~60-100 secs) depending on your coag goals!

Question 62

# LABS ACT Ecmo? CBP? | Activating Clotting Time

Answer 62

80-120 secs > 160-180sec for ECMO | > 400sec for CPB ## Footnote Used for large heparin doses.

Question 63

# LABS FSP | Fibrin Split Products

Answer 63

<10 µ/dL | Fragments from dissolved clots. Used often for DIC

Question 64

# LABS Fibrinogen

Answer 64

160-450 mg/dL | (the netting that covers the clot)

Question 65

# LABS Plasminogen

Answer 65

62-130% | Plasminogen makes Plasmin. Plasmin degrades fibrin (or clots)

Question 66

# LABS FDP | Fibrin Degredation Products

Answer 66

<10 µ/mL | basically FSP but resulted in different units.

Question 67

# LABS D-Dimer

Answer 67

<250 ng/dL | Only detectable if you are currently breaking down lots of clots.

Question 68

# LABS TSH T3 T4

Answer 68

TSH: 0.4 µ units/mL T3: 90 -230 ng/dL T4: 13 - 15 µ/dL | Control metabolism, temp, mood, weight, neuro fxn, & muscle strength. ## Footnote T3 = MORE active, 7%, majority made in cells. T4 = main circulating thyroid hormone, 93%, can be converted to T3 using iodinase.

Question 69

# LABS AST ALT

Answer 69

<35 IU/L ## Footnote Liver function - ALT more specfic to liver, AST involves other organs including the liver.

Question 70

# LABS Fill in the blanks:

Answer 70

Question 71

# LABS Fill in the blanks:

Answer 71

Question 72

# LABS Fill in the blanks:

Answer 72

Question 73

List triggers for MH.

Answer 73

Volatile Anesthetics & SCh

Question 74

List signs of MH crisis (10)

Answer 74

1. tachycardia 2. **rapidly increasing ETCO2** 3. skin mottling 4. tachypnea 6. Arrhythmias 7. hyperthermia 8. unstable bp 9. Dark urine 10. Muscle rigidity 11. Masseter spasm*

Question 75

List the treatment regimen for MH.

Answer 75

1. STOP THE TRIGGER 2. 100% O2 hyperventilation 3. Dantrolene 2.5mg/kg IV (repeat 5-10mins; MAX 10mg/kg) 4. Actively cool pt 5. correct hyperkalmia and metabolic acidosis 6. Monitor labs and maintain UO >2cc/kg/hr (hydration, mannitol, lasix) *watch for rhabdo* 7. Actively cool pt.

Question 76

What is the dose of Dantrolene for MH?

Answer 76

2.5mg/kg IV (repeat q5-10mins prn) ## Footnote MAX 10mg/kg