two forms of corruption in sports
a) management corruption
- host venues for competitions
- allocation of rights (broadcasting rights)
- nominations for positions
- commissioning (Auftragserteilung) construction works for sport arenas/venues
b) competition corruption
- athletes
- sporting officials
What are some initatives fighting against corruption?
UNODC = United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
A Strategy for Safeguarding Against Corruption in Major Public Events
definition of corruption
“dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power” “dishonest and illegal behaviour especially by powerful people”
Having a position and use the position for private gain (entrusted power; misuse the position)
What kind of people are more vulnerable to corruption?
- poeple who have more than just one position in organisations and are seeking for valuable goods (like prestige & honour)
–> when you have more than just one good the value of the product decreases
–> people, who have endless money are seeking for valuable goods like recognition
–> hence they are more vulnerable to corruption
Definition of Lobbying
trying to influnce government officials to make decisions for or against sonmething, series of activities that influence the decision making of state representatives but which do not provide the representatives with gains
What are positional goods?
Positional goods are goods and services that people value because of their limited supply, and because they convey a high relative standing within society. Positional goods may include brand-name luxury handbags, a custom Feadship motor yacht, or front-row tickets to the Super Bowl.
What are valuable goods?
Valuable goods means any goods of a valuable nature including without limitation: bullion, bank notes, cash money, coins, traveller’s cheques, drafts, credit cards, documents or papers of value of all kinds, articles or materials containing information or data of value in any form, precious stones, jewellery, antiques, works of art, valuables of all kinds; and including such other goods or materials the value of which exceeds the value limit as may from time to time be specified by Company.
What is the main difference between lobbying and corruption?
–> the means to obtain influence!
What causes the problem of corruption and sport?
- de facto monopolies
- extremly attractive product (a lot of money)
- little external control
- lack of internal checks and balances
- family culture
- one nation - one vote principle
- redistribution of funds loaded with conflict of interest
- autonomy as a shield for fraud
Internal Detection Mechanisms of Corruption in Sport
Internal Mechanisms for Detecting Corruption:
- robust anti-corruption codes & rules that require athletes and administrators to report act of corruption when known
- internal sport-led investigations
- internal audits (Inspektion) and monitoring of athletes
- internal reporting hotlines
- ombudsperson (Vertrauensmann)
- human resources department
- Line manager
What is IPACS doing?
IPACS = International Partnership against Corruption in sport is focusing on four areas:
1. selection of hosts for mega events: ensuring integrity in the selecting of major sporting events
- Public procurement in mega events: reducing the risk of corruption in procurement relating in sporting events and infrastructure
- basic governance criteria: optimising the processes of compliance with good governance principles to mitigate the risk of corruption
- cross-sectoral cooperation: enhancing effective cooperation between law enforcement, criminal juicide authorities and sport organisations
What are public goods and their two main criteria?
A commodity or service that is availabe to all members in the socitey, administered through governments and paid through taxation.
a) no rivalry in consumption: the good doesn´t shrink
b) non-excludable: it is available to all citizens
IOC´s five levels of governance
- IOC Managament (IOC Administration with President) - who manages who and how?
- Management of IOC Management (Session, Executive Board, Commissions) Who controls the managers?
- Management of IOC Governance? (Ehtics & Nominations Commissions): Who controls the controller?
- Governance of IOC Governance: (National Courts, WADA, CAS) Where can decisions be appealed?
- IOC Metagovernance: (Swiss law + international instruments) Who made the constitution?
How can you establish a consistent regulatory framework (GG in a sport organisation) to prevent management/ competition corruption?
- prohibit & sanction misconduct
- put mechanisms and sanction in place for those who place the interity at risk
possible steps to prevent corruptive practices:
Raising awareness
monitoring betting
hotline creation
intelligence information
cooperation with authorities
best practice
External Detection Mechanisms of Corruption in Sport
External mechanisms for detecting corruption:
- external auditors and hotlines
- complaints and concerns from others external parties such as betting operators and monitoring companies
- media reports
- ombudsperson
- independent third party investigations, such as forensic accounting
- open-source intelligence
- training and education programmes
