Match Fixing/ Match Manipulation Definition:
Manipulation consists of altering the course of the sport event in order to get an unfair advantage
- an intentional act, arrangement, omission
- remove a part of the unpredictable nature of the sport
goal: to gain an unfair advantage for oneselfs or the others
Macolin Convention
- legal instrument to detect manipulation of sports competitions.
it requests public authorities to co-operate with sports organisations, betting operators and competition organisers to prevent, detect and sanction the manipulation of sports competitions. It proposes a common legal framework for an efficient international cooperation to respond to this global threat.
Different Types of Manipulation
Type 1: Direct interference in the natural course of a sporting event or competition
Type 2: Modification of an athletes identify/personal information (passport changes the age, fix nationality, capabilities – players faked to be mentally ill)
Type 3: Modification that is non-compliant with criminal laws or sport rules related to playing surfaces, equipment, athlete physiology, sporting venue)
How is Interpol involved?
- Criminal Involvement in Competition Manipulation & Sports Betting
- Cooperation between sports & law enforcement
Two versions of match fixing/betting:
1) Finance, Network, Bribe
2) Finance, Bet, Conceal (verbergen), Launder
Who stimulates the manipulations?
a) Exploitation of governance - abuse of dominant position
b) Exploitation of power/influence: abuse of financial/contractual position
c) External Influences: influencing the executors
d) Opportunistic: manipulate the expected outcome
