Covalent bonding

Question 1

Give some characteristics of covalent bonding and how to figure out how many covalent bonds will form

Answer 1

1. • only occurs in non-metals
   • electrons are shared between ions (no ions form = not charged = all neutral)
   • atoms form to bond (molecules)

Question 2

What are the 3 types of bonds that exist and order them from longest - shortest – strongest - weakest

Answer 2

Single Bond — Double Bond — Triple Bond
longest shortest
weakest strongest

• This doesn’t mean that a single bond is weaker than other bondings

Question 3

What is the shape of a molecule when containing a carbon atom with 4 bonds?

Answer 3

(the shape is in your handout)
- Carbon in the middle with 1 bond of Hydrogen at the left and bottom left, bottom right is another Hydrogen bond but the bond is like this (- - - - -) and then in between those another Hydrogen bond but like 1/3 of a triangle of the right bit if looked from left to right

• Name = TETRAHEDRAL

Question 4

When NH(3) shares its Lone Pair with BF(3) what is this specific bond called?

Answer 4

Co-ordinate // Dative covalent bond

Question 5

From your own descriptions, how would you explain using dot and cross diagrams to show covalent bonds?

How is it worded in the displayed formula

Answer 5

1. compared with ionic bonding instead of BRACKETS AND SHOWING CHARGES it just have both molecules overlapping each other to show that the electron has been shared
   - it will be called a SHARED PAIR
   - if electrons aren’t being shared are just excessive amounts that are already paired in their respective molecules = LONE PAIR
2. Displayed formula
   H(2) = H - H –> single bond
   O(2) = O = O –> Double bond