Inter-molecular forces

Question 1

Define inter-molecular forces and give an example (diagram)

Answer 1

intermolecular forces are forces that exist between different molecules

(Top) H - H - - - ( stronger the force = higher the boiling points

Question 2

Give the characteristics of Polar molecules

Answer 2

if H - H have shared electrons equally = non - polar molecules

if H - H has not shared electrons equally:

• polar molecules -> its a Dipole
• the one that isn’t sharing equally has a higher electronegativity
• -> generally ones are F>O>N>CL // strong to weak
• -> pulls BONDING electron towards itself
• its shown like an (S) (-//+) but the bottom flick connects with the middle
• -> called Delta slightly negative/positive

Question 3

There are 3 polar molecules what are they and give their characteristics

** the diagrams are on your phone

Answer 3

1. Covalent bond (basically the shared electrons shared equally)
   - 2 atoms with some electronegativity
   - shared electrons equally
   - neutral/non-polar molecules
2. Polar covalent bond (basically the shared electrons are more 1 sided to an atom than the other)
   - 2 atoms with slightly unequal electronegativity
   - electrons share unequally
   - polar molecules/ DIPOLE
3. Ionic bond (example = NA(+) and CL(-) )
   - 2 atoms with very unequal electronegativity
   - CL captures electrons completely
   - Ions

Question 4

There are 3 types of intermolecular forces Best look at your phone with the pic

Answer 4

1. London desperation force - the intermolecular forces are induced
2. Dipole-Diploe interaction - the inter-molecular forces are permanent
3. Hydrogen bond