Csf

Question 2

Reasons for CSF analysis?

Answer 2

Meningitis, encephalitis, neurosyphilis, brain abscess/tumor, intracranial hemorrhage, leukemia/lymphoma (CNS)

Question 3

Normal CSF appearance?

Answer 3

Clear, colorless

Question 4

Xanthochromia means?

Answer 4

Pink/orange/yellow CSF due to hemoglobin breakdown

Question 5

CSF Tube #1 tests?

Answer 5

Protein, glucose, lactate, VDRL, latex agglutination

Question 6

CSF Tube #2 tests?

Answer 6

Gram stain, culture, India ink

Question 7

CSF Tube #3 tests?

Answer 7

Cell count & differential

Question 8

Hemorrhage vs traumatic tap (appearance)?

Answer 8

Hemorrhage: all tubes bloody | Traumatic: blood clears in later tubes

Question 9

Hemorrhage vs traumatic tap (supernatant)?

Answer 9

Hemorrhage: xanthochromic | Traumatic: clear

Question 10

Hemorrhage vs traumatic tap (clots)?

Answer 10

Hemorrhage: no clots | Traumatic: clots present

Question 11

CSF in bacterial meningitis?

Answer 11

↑Protein, ↓Glucose, neutrophils, ↑Lactate

Question 12

CSF in viral meningitis?

Answer 12

Normal protein & glucose, lymphocytes

Question 13

CSF in fungal meningitis?

Answer 13

↑Protein, ↓/normal glucose, lymphocytes/monocyte

Question 14

Normal CSF protein?

Answer 14

15–45 mg/dL

Question 15

Normal CSF glucose?

Answer 15

60–70% of plasma glucose

Question 16

Normal CSF WBC count?

Answer 16

0–5 /µL

Question 17

Normal CSF differential?

Answer 17

70% lymphocytes, 30% monocytes

Question 18

Oligoclonal bands indicate?

Answer 18

Multiple sclerosis

Question 19

Csf finding in multiple sclerosis.¿

Answer 19

-high igG index
-N glucose
-High protien
Oligoclonal band

Question 20

اكتر كميه بروتين موجوده في csf

Answer 20

Albumin

Question 21

بروتين الي وجوده في csf is abnormal

Answer 21

Fibrinogen

Question 22

إذا كان csf/serum albumin index less than 9 is

Answer 22

Normal

Question 23

If csf/serum albumin index is more than 9 is

Answer 23

Indecate blood brain barrier

Question 24

Musin basic protein is measured in csf to see effectiveness of treatment of which dieses ?

Answer 24

Multiple sclerosis

Question 25

Why is Tube 1 used for chemical and immunologic tests?

Answer 25

Because contamination from the collection procedure does not interfere with these tests.

Question 26

Why is Tube 3 used for cellular studies?

Answer 26

: It is least likely to be contaminated with peripheral blood.

Question 27

What is the general priority of CSF testing?

Answer 27

1. Microbiology first 2. Then Hematology (cell counts) 3. Finally Chemistry

Question 28

Causes of elevated CSF glucose?

Answer 28

Hyperglycemia, contamination with blood

Question 29

Causes of decreased CSF glucose?

Answer 29

Hypoglycemia, impaired glucose transport, increased CNS glycolysis, meningitis, metastatic carcinoma.

Question 30

Causes of elevated CSF protein?

Answer 30

Blood contamination, BBB damage, increased intrathecal synthesis, decreased reabsorption.

Question 31

Causes of decreased CSF protein?

Answer 31

Fluid loss from dura mater damage, increased reabsorption due to high intracranial pressure.

Question 32

On which csc sample the cell count is performed

Answer 32

Last tube collected because it’s less contaminated

Question 33

What’s the purpose of adding glacial acetic acid to csf sample ¿

Answer 33

To lysis RBI’s so we can counting WBC’s

Question 34

إذا تم جمع تيوب الأول من csf وكان لونه وردي وكميه rbcs كانت عاليه وايضاً كميه wbcs لكن tube 3 was clear and there is no rbcs reason is

Answer 34

Tube 1 contains prephral blood

Question 35

What is Tau transferrin?

Answer 35

A protein found only in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 36

Why is tau isoform transferrin important in diagnosis?

Answer 36

Presence in nasal or middle ear fluids confirms CSF leakage

Question 37

In which conditions is it used?

Answer 37

• CSF rhinorrhea → CSF leakage from the nose • CSF otorrhea → CSF leakage from the ear

Question 38

Presence of csf with oily appearance indecate

Answer 38

Radiographic contrast media

Question 39

Presence of macrophage in csf indecate

Answer 39

Subra chronic hemorrage

Question 40

زياده في eosinophil في csf ودا نادر أصلا يكون موجد دلاله على

Answer 40

Fungal infections or parasites infection