CSIM 1.3

Question 1

what is atrophy?

Answer 1

• reduce in size of cell or organ

Question 2

when is atrophy seen?

Answer 2

• hypoxia
• reduced nutrition
• decreased workload
• decreased endocrine stimulation

Question 3

what is hypertrophy?

Answer 3

• increase in size of organ or cell

Question 4

when is hypertrophy seen?

Answer 4

• increase in functional demand - hormonal stimulation

Question 5

what is metaplasia?

Answer 5

• one adult cell is replaced with another adult cell

Question 6

what is pathological calcification?

Answer 6

• abnormal deposition of calcium salts

Question 7

what is dystrophic calcification?

Answer 7

• calcification associated with necrosis

Question 8

does dystrophic calcification have normal serum calcium levels?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what is metastatic calcification

Answer 9

deposition of calcium salts because of high serum calcium

Question 10

what gene is breast carcinoma associated with?

Answer 10

overexpression of HER-2