1
Q
Q: When is Swahid Diwas observed?
Q: What does Swahid Diwas commemorate?
A
A: December 10 every year.
A: The martyrs who sacrificed their lives during the Assam Movemen
2
Q
Q: What is the Western Tragopan? Q: What is its IUCN protection status?
A
A: One of India’s rarest pheasants and the state bird of Himachal Pradesh.
A: Vulnerable.
3
Q
Q: What type of relationship exists between coral polyps and algae?
A
A: Endosymbiotic relationship (zooxanthellae algae live inside polyps and provide nutrients).
4
Q
Q: What are the ideal temperature and salinity conditions for coral reefs?
A
A: Temperature: 20°C–35°C
Salinity: 27–40%
5
Q
What is the full form of CITES? Q: Is CITES legally binding?
A
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
A: Yes, it is legally binding, but it does not replace national laws—countries must implement it domestically.
6
Q
Q: Where is the CITES Secretariat located and who administers it?
A
A: Geneva, Switzerland; administered by UNEP.
6
Q
Q: Where is the Subansiri Lower Hydel Project located?
A
A: On the Subansiri River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, at Gerukamukh on the Arunachal Pradesh–Assam border.
7
Q
Q: What is the scope of the POSH Act?
A
A: It applies to all workplaces—government, private sector, NGOs, schools, colleges, hospitals, sports bodies, unorganized sectors—and includes domestic workers.
7
Q
Q: Which river does the Subansiri Lower Hydel Project utilize?
A
A: The Subansiri River, the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra.
8
Q
Q: What institutional body must workplaces with 10+ employees create under POSH?
A
A: An Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) with a woman Presiding Officer, at least 50% women members, and one external NGO expert.
9
Q
Q: Which body handles POSH complaints where workplaces have fewer than 10 employees?
A
A: The Local Complaints Committee (LCC) set up at the district level by the District Officer.
10
Q
Q: What is the complaint filing timeline under the POSH Act?
A
A: Within 3 months of the incident, extendable by another 3 months for sufficient cause.
11
Q
Q: How long does the ICC/LCC have to complete the inquiry?
A
A: A time-bound inquiry within 90 days.
12
Q
Q: What is the Champions of the Earth award?
A
A: Launched in 2005, it is the UN’s highest environmental honor, recognizing individuals or organizations whose actions have positively transformed the environment.
13
Q
Q: Which river forms part of the Thailand–Myanmar international boundary?
A
A: The Moei River (called the Thaungyin River in Myanmar) forms part of the Thailand–Myanmar international boundary.
14
Q
Q: What are the key details of the MH-60R Seahawk helicopter?
A
A:
It is a multi-role maritime helicopter developed by the United States.
Primarily used for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), Anti-Surface Warfare (ASuW), and Search and Rescue (SAR) missions.
In India, the MH-60R is inducted into the** Indian Navy**, not the Indian Air Force.
15
Q
Q: Where is Nauradehi Tiger Reserve located and why is it significant?
A
A:
It is located in Madhya Pradesh.
It is one of the largest wildlife protected areas in the state.
16
Q
Q: What are the five award categories of un champions of the earth award?
A
A: 1. Policy Leadership
2. Entrepreneurial Vision
3. Science and Innovation
4. Lifetime Achievement
5. Inspiration and Action
17
Q
Q: Name some notable Indian recipients of the award.
A
A: Madhav Gadgil (2024), Narendra Modi (2018), Cochin International Airport (2018), Afroz Shah (2016).
18
Q
Q1. Which Bill was recently tabled in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly to address social exclusion?
A
A. The Karnataka Social Boycott (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Bill, 2025.
19
Q
Q3. Adichanallur is associated with which historical period?
A
A. The Iron Age (urn burial site).
20
Q
- On which river bank is the Adichanallur site located?
A
A. The right bank of the Thamirabarani River.
21
Q
Q5. In which district and taluk is the Adichanallur archaeological site located?
A
A. Srivaikuntam taluk, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu.
22
Q
Q1. What is the Atomic Energy Bill, 2025 approved by the Union Cabinet called?
A
A. SHANTI – Sustainable Harnessing of Advancement of Nuclear Technology for India.
23
Q3. Which entities traditionally owned and operated nuclear power plants in India?
A.
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)
Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam (BHAVINI) (NPCIL subsidiary)
24
Q5. Which two key legislations are proposed to be amended under SHANTI?
A.
Atomic Energy Act, 1962
Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010
25
Q8. Which areas will remain under government control as per SHANTI Bill?
A.
Reactor operation
Weapons-related and strategic activities
25
Q6. What does the SHANTI Bill provide regarding private sector participation?
A. Partial opening of the nuclear value chain to private and global companies.
26
Q7. Which areas are opened to private participation under the SHANTI Bill?
.
Atomic mineral exploration
Nuclear fuel fabrication
Manufacturing of nuclear equipment and components
27
Q12. What new regulatory body is proposed under the Bill?
A. An Independent Nuclear Safety Authority.
28
Q: What is the Commissioner of Railway Safety (CRS) and what are its key features?
A:
CRS functions under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, not the Ministry of Railways.
It is responsible for railway safety inspections and inquiry into railway accidents.
CRS is headed by the Chief Commissioner of Railway Safety, not the Railway Board Chairman.
29
Q: What is Gestational Diabetes?
A:
It is a condition marked by high blood glucose levels first detected during pregnancy.
It usually resolves after childbirth.
30
Q: What are the key facts about Apollo 11?
A:
Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon.
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the lunar surface.
The mission was launched in 1969.
30
Q: Who was the Samaharta during the Mauryan Empire?
A
:
The Samaharta was the official in charge of revenue collection.
30
Q: What was the nature of administration under the Gupta Empire?
A:
The Gupta administration was decentralised.
Local units enjoyed significant autonomy in governance.
31
Q: Who was Menander (Milinda) and which religion did he patronise?
A:
Menander (Milinda) was an Indo-Greek ruler.
He was a notable patron of Buddhism.
32
Q: What are the key features of NATO?
A:
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a military alliance established in 1949.
The principle of collective defence is enshrined in Article 5 of the NATO Treaty.
33
Q: Which ruler is associated with the Fourth Buddhist Council?
A:
The Fourth Buddhist Council was held under Kanishka, the Kushan ruler.
33
Q: What is Rudradaman I known for?
A:
Rudradaman I, a Shaka ruler, is known for the repair of the Sudarshana Lake
33
Q: What are the key features of Mauryan art and Gupta art & architecture?
A:
Gupta temples were mainly structural, not rock-cut.
Mauryan art is best represented by polished stone pillars and animal capitals.
Gupta sculpture is characterised by spiritual calm, idealised human forms, and refined aesthetics
34
Q: What is the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill, 2025?
A: It is a proposed legislation introduced in the Lok Sabha to replace the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005.
35
Q: What fundamental shift does the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill introduce compared to the earlier law?
A: It shifts rural employment generation from a demand-driven framework to a supply-driven scheme.
36
Q: What is the statutory employment guarantee under the new Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill?
A: One hundred and twenty-five days of wage employment per rural household in a financial year for adults willing to do unskilled manual work.
37
Q: How will the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill be implemented?
A: As a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with shared responsibilities between the Union Government and State Governments.
38
Q: What is the fund sharing pattern under the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill?
A:
Ninety percent Union Government and ten percent State Government for North-Eastern and Himalayan States and Union Territories
Sixty percent Union Government and forty percent State Government for all other States
39
Q: Which institutions will monitor implementation of the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill ?
A:
Central Gramin Rozgar Guarantee Council
State Gramin Rozgar Guarantee Councils
40
Question: Which wetlands were designated as the ninety-fifth and ninety-sixth Ramsar Sites of India?
Answer: Siliserh lake and Kopra Jalashay.
41
Question: When did India become a signatory to the Ramsar Convention?
Answer: In 1982.
41
Question: Where is Siliserh Lake located and what is its nature?
Answer: It is a man-made freshwater lake located in Rajasthan.
42
Question: Who constructed Siliserh Lake and in which year?
Answer: Maharaja Vinay Singh of Alwar in 1845.
43
Question: Which protected area is located near Siliserh Lake?
Answer: Sariska Tiger Reserve.
44
Question: Where is Kopra Jalashay located?
Answer: Near Bilaspur in Chhattisgarh.
45
Question: What is the significance of Kopra Jalashay for Chhattisgarh?
Answer: It is the first Ramsar Site in the state.
46
Question: On which river system is Kopra Jalashay situated?
Answer: Upper catchment of the Mahanadi River.
47
Question: What is the Central Information Commission?
Answer: A statutory body established under the Right to Information Act, 2005.
48
Question: How many members can the Central Information Commission have?
Answer: One Chief Information Commissioner and not more than ten Information Commissioners.
49
Question: Which committee recommends appointments to the Central Information Commission?
Answer: A committee consisting of the Prime Minister, the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister.
50
Question: What is the term of office of the Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners?
Answer: Three years from the date of entering office
51
Question: Who is the Chairperson of the appointment committee?
Answer: The Prime Minister.
52
Question: What is the jurisdiction of the Central Information Commission?
Answer: It extends over all Central Public Authorities.
52
Question: Who is disqualified from being appointed as Chief Information Commissioner or Information Commissioner?
Answer: Members of Parliament, members of State or Union Territory legislatures, persons holding offices of profit, and those connected with political parties, business, or professional activities.
53
Question: Are the decisions of the Central Information Commission binding?
Answer: Yes, the decisions are final and binding.
54
Question: What is a mangrove?
Answer: A small tree or shrub that grows along coastlines in saline and waterlogged conditions.
55
Question: Where do mangroves typically grow?
Answer: Along tropical and subtropical coastlines in salty and brackish sediments.
56
Question: Are mangroves flowering or non-flowering plants?
Answer: Mangroves are flowering plants.
57
Question: Which plant families do mangroves mainly belong to?
Answer: Rhizophoraceae, Acanthaceae, Lythraceae, Combretaceae, and Arecaceae.
57
Question: What international recognition does the Sundarbans have?
Answer: It is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Site.
58
Question: Which is the second largest mangrove forest in India?
Answer: Bhitarkanika in Odisha.
58
What are the benefits of mangroves?
Act as **natural coastal barriers** by reducing **wave energy, storm surges, and cyclone impacts.**
Support **rich biodiversity** by providing **breeding** and **nursery habitats **for marine and terrestrial species.
**Store large amounts of carbon, **contributing significantly to climate change mitigation as **blue carbon ecosystems.**
**Sustain livelihoods of coastal communities** through fisheries, aquaculture, eco-tourism, and forest-based resources.
**Offer cost-effective, nature-based solutions** by combining disaster risk reduction, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration.
59
Flashcard 2: Ecological Adaptations of Mangroves
Mangroves possess salt-filtering roots that exclude most salt from seawater.
They have aerial root structures that absorb oxygen directly from the atmosphere.
They store freshwater in thick succulent leaves to survive dry and saline conditions.
Mangroves show vivipary, where seeds germinate on the parent plant.
The seedling develops into a propagule, improving survival in unstable coastal environments
60
Question: Which rivers form the Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem?
Answer: The Brahmani and Baitarani rivers.
60
Question: What does viviparous reproduction in mangroves mean?
Answer: Seeds germinate while still attached to the parent tree and develop into propagules.
61
Question: Who was Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar?
Answer: A ruler of the Mutharaiyar lineage and a feudatory of the Pallavas.
62
Question: From which capital did Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar rule?
Answer: Tiruchirappalli.
62
Question: To which dynasty did Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar belong?
Answer: The Mutharaiyar dynasty.
62
Question: Which countries border Jordan?
Answer: Israel and Palestine to the west, Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the east, and Syria to the north.
62
Question: What was the religious context during the Pallava period?
Answer: Revival of Hinduism amid the influence of Jainism and Buddhism.
63
Question: Where is the Dead Sea located?
Answer: The Dead Sea is a landlocked salt lake between Israel and Jordan in southwestern Asia.
64
Question: How many members does the Asian Development Bank have?
Answer: Sixty-nine members.
64
Question: Is India a founding member of the Asian Development Bank?
Answer: Yes, India is a founding member.
65
Question: What voting system does the Asian Development Bank follow?
Answer: A weighted voting system based on members’ capital subscriptions.
66
Question: Where is the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank located?
Answer: Manila, Philippines.
66
Question: Name the top five shareholders of the Asian Development Bank.
Answer: Japan, United States, People’s Republic of China, India, and Australia.
66
Question: Which country has the highest shareholding in the Asian Development Bank?
Answer: Japan and the United States, each with approximately fifteen point six percent.
67
Question: Which countries initiated the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations?
Answer: The Republic of Türkiye and Spain.
67
Question: What is the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations?
Answer: An initiative to improve cross-cultural and inter-religious relations between nations and communities
68
Question: When was the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations launched?
Answer: In 2005.
69
Question: Where is the Secretariat of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations located?
Answer: New York.
70
Question: Which institution institutes the National Energy Conservation Awards?
Answer: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency.
71
Question: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency functions under which ministry?
Answer: The Ministry of Power, Government of India.
71
What are the principles of NEP?
1. Emphasis on Conceptual Understanding: Rather than rote learning.
2. Use of Technology: In teaching and learning, removing language barriers, access for Divyang students.
3. 'Light but tight' Regulatory Framework: Ensure integrity, transparency, and resource efficiency.
4. Respect for diversity: Inclusion of local context in all curriculum, pedagogy, and policy.
5. Equity and Inclusion: For unprivileged sections.
6. Research: Corequisite for outstanding education and development.
7. Continuous Review of Progress: Based on sustained research and regular assessment.
71
Question: What does Gross Enrolment Ratio mean?
Answer: Total number of students enrolled in a given education level, regardless of age
71
Question: What is Foundational Literacy and Numeracy?
Answer: The ability to read with understanding and perform basic mathematics by the end of Grade Three.
72
Question: When were the previous two education policies implemented?
Answer: First in 1968 and second in 1986 (modified in 1992).
72
73
Question: On whose recommendations was the National Education Policy 2020 drafted?
Answer: The Kasturirangan Committee.
74
Q: Why is Goa unique in India’s colonial history?
A: Goa was the first Indian territory captured by a European power and the last to gain independence.
74
Q: What were the main reasons for Portuguese success in Goa?
A:
Superior naval power and artillery
Weak control of the Bijapur Sultanate
Local support from discontented groups
Strong leadership of Albuquerque
75
Q: When and how did the Portuguese finally conquer Goa?
A: In November 1510, Albuquerque returned with reinforcements and defeated the Bijapur Sultanate decisively.
76
Q: Why did the Portuguese temporarily lose Goa after first capturing it?
A: Adil Shah’s forces recaptured Goa during the monsoon, exploiting Portuguese vulnerability.
77
Q: Who first captured Goa for the Portuguese and when?
A: Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa in 1510 with help from the local chieftain Timoji.
78
Q: Why is 19 December significant in Indian history?
A: It marks the liberation of Goa from Portuguese rule in 1961 and its formal integration into India.
79
Q: What was Operation Vijay?
A: A military operation launched by India in 1961 to liberate Goa during Jawaharlal Nehru’s tenure.
80
Q: Who is known as the “Father of Goan Nationalism”? Q: What were T.B. Cunha’s major contributions?
A: Tristao de Braganca Cunha (T.B. Cunha).
A:
Founded the Goa Congress Committee
Linked Goa’s freedom struggle with the Indian National Congress
81
Q: Who founded Gomantak Praja Mandal and why?
A: Juliao Menezes, to promote nationalism in Goa.
82
Q: Who ran the underground radio Voice of Freedom?
A: Libia Lobo Sardesai (1955–1961).
83
Q: Which is the primary source of rare earth elements in Andhra’s beach sands?
A: Monazite, which also contains thorium.
83
Q. What is the current IBC regime in India?
IBC 2016
creditor in control instead of debtor in control
commerical wisdom of COC
descreasing judicial intervention
basic objectives: asset value maximisation, business revival, entrepreneurship promotion
timeline: 330 days or company goes into liquidation
84
Q: Why is Andhra Pradesh’s coastline in the news?
A: Its 974-km-long coastline has gained strategic importance due to large reserves of rare earth elements (REEs) embedded in beach sand minerals.
A: Around 30–35% of India’s total monazite reserves.
85
Q: What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)?
A: A group of 17 elements consisting of 15 lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium.
86
Q: Why are REEs strategically important for India?
A: They are critical minerals essential for advanced electronics, clean energy technologies, defence systems, and EVs.
87
Q: List India’s major FTAs signed since 2021.
A:
India–Mauritius CECPA (2021)
India–UAE CEPA (2022)
India–Australia ECTA (2022)
India–EFTA TEPA (2024)
India–UK CETA (2025)
India–Oman CEPA (2025)
India-New Zealand
88
Q: What is the zero-duty provision under the India–New Zealand FTA?
A: 100% of Indian exports to New Zealand will enjoy zero-duty market access
89
Q: What is New Zealand’s FDI commitment under the FTA?
A: Investment of USD 20 billion in India over 15 years.
90
Q: Which sectors will receive technical cooperation under the FTA?
A: AYUSH, audiovisual industries, tourism, sports, and traditional knowledge system
91
Q: What makes New Zealand’s services offer unique in this FTA?
A:
Commitments across 118 services sectors
MFN treatment in 139 sectors (best-ever offer by New Zealand)
92
Q. When is Good Governance Day observed and why?
A. Good Governance Day is observed on 25th December every year to commemorate the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
93
Q. What is the Good Governance Index (GGI)?
A. The Good Governance Index (GGI) is a diagnostic tool introduced by the **Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG)** to evaluate **governance performance across States and Union Territories.**
94
Q. What is the UMANG App and which ministry developed it?
A. The UMANG App is a single mobile platform for accessing **PAN-India government services,** developed by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and National e-Governance Division.**
95
Q. What is CPGRAMS and its significance in governance?
A. The Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) is a 24×7 online platform for** time-bound grievance redressal,** improving transparency and accountabilit
95
Q. What reforms are suggested for improving good governance in India?
A. Focus on digital platforms, real-time monitoring, data-based decision-making, strengthening institutions, enhancing citizen awareness, and scaling best practices.
95
Q. What is e-HRMS 2.0 Mobile Application?
A. e-HRMS 2.0 is a mobile application for government employees providing seamless access to human resource services, available on Android and iOS.
95
Q. What was Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s early involvement in the freedom movement?
A. He joined the Quit India Movement in 1942 during his student days.
95
Q. What happened at the Kanpur Conference of 1925?
A. Indian Communist groups formally established the Communist Party of India (CPI) at a national conference in Kanpur.
96
Q. What were the objectives declared at the Kanpur Conference (1925)?
A. The CPI declared its goals of ending British rule and establishing a workers’ and peasants’ republic.
96
Q. How many times did Atal Bihari Vajpayee serve as Prime Minister of India?
A. He served three times — briefly in 1996, for 13 months (1998–1999), and a full term from 1999–2004.
A. He became the first non-Congress Prime Minister to complete a full term.
97
Q. Why is India’s creator economy in news recently?
A. A Boston Consulting Group (BCG) report projects that India’s rapidly expanding creator economy will influence over $1 trillion in annual consumer spending by 2030.
98
Q. What is the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)?
A. PMGSY is a rural connectivity scheme launched in 2000 to provide all-weather road access to eligible, previously unconnected rural habitations.
99
Q. What is RCPLWEA under PMGSY?
A. The Road Connectivity Project for Left Wing Extremism Affected Areas, launched in 2016, to boost infrastructure in LWE-affected districts.
100
Q. How many districts and states are covered under RCPLWEA?
A. 44 districts across 9 states including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.
101
Q. What is the focus of PMGSY Phase III (2019)?
A. Upgrading 1,25,000 km of Through Routes and Major Rural Links.
101
Q. What was achieved under PMGSY Phase I?
A. Road connectivity projects for 1,63,339 rural habitations were sanctioned nationwide.
101
Q. What is the objective of PMGSY Phase IV (2024)?
A. To provide all-weather road connectivity to 25,000 unconnected rural habitations based on Census 2011 population criteria.
102
Q. What was the focus of PMGSY Phase II (2013)?
A. Strengthening and consolidating the existing rural road network.
102
Q. What is OMMAS and its role in PMGSY?
A. The Online Management, Monitoring and Accounting System (OMMAS) enables real-time monitoring, geo-tagged inspections, and quality assessment.
103
Q. How is road maintenance monitored under PMGSY?
A. Through the e-MARG platform, which links contractor payments to actual road performance during the defect liability period.
104
Q. What are the key challenges faced by PMGSY?
A.
Long-term maintenance issues
Vulnerability to climate extremes
Connectivity gaps in remote and tribal regions
Rising construction and land acquisition costs
105
Q. What is the current completion status of PMGSY?
A. Nearly 95% of sanctioned rural roads have been completed.
106
Q. Why is India’s manufacturing sector often described as underperforming?
A. Despite its potential, India’s manufacturing sector has been constrained by structural inefficiencies, policy missteps, and a premature shift toward services, leading to stagnation.
107
Q. How did India’s manufacturing sector evolve after independence?
A. India adopted a mixed economy model with strong public sector–led industrialisation, focusing on heavy industries.
108
Q. What was the significance of the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61)?
A. It laid the foundation for heavy industries, steel plants, and public sector enterprises, shaping India’s industrial base.
109
Q. What does India’s employment structure reveal about manufacturing?
A. Over 45% of workers are in agriculture, only 11.4% in manufacturing, and about 29% in services, reflecting weak industrial absorption of labour
109
Q. How does India’s manufacturing share in GDP compare globally?
A. India’s manufacturing share is 13–17%, compared to 25–29% in China, 27% in South Korea, and 24–25% in Vietnam.
109
Q. How does low productivity constrain Indian manufacturing?
A. Most firms are small-scale and fragmented, with productivity per worker less than 20% of China’s, according to CMIE data.
110
Q. What infrastructure challenges affect manufacturing competitiveness?
A. Poor logistics, power reliability, and port connectivity raise costs by 14–18% of product value, compared to 8% in East Asia.
110
110
Q. How significant is India’s skill deficit in manufacturing?
A. Only 5% of the workforce is formally skilled, compared to 24% in China and 52% in the USA.
111
What is the conservation status of the Great Indian Hornbill?
Conservation Status
*IUCN: Vulnerable
*Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I
*CITES: Appendix I
112
Where do you find the Great Indian Hornbill?
Distribution (India)
*Western Ghats
*Northeast India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland)
*Andaman & Nicobar Islands
113
Great Indian Hornbill is the state bird of which two states?
*State bird of Kerala and Arunachal Pradesh
114
Which of the following travellers gave an account of Vijayanagara Empire?
Domingo Paes
115
Ibn Battuta visited India during the reign of:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq
115
Give details about al biruni
He came to India during the reign of **Mahmud of Ghazni.**
He wrote ‘**Kitab-ul-Hind’**.
Al-Biruni studied religion, science, customs and society.
116
Give details about Hieun Tsang
**Si-Yu-Ki (Records of the Western World**) was written by **Hiuen Tsang**, describing India under **Harsha**.
117
Give details about Fa-hien
Fa-Hien
1. He visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II.
2. His account provides detailed information on Buddhism and social conditions.
3. Fa-Hien noted light taxation and minimal state interference.
118
The Alawites are best described as
A Shia-linked minority religious group primarily in Syria
119
Give details about the Coal Controller Organisation
1. It functions under the **Ministry of Coal.**
2. It regulates the **production, distribution and pricing** of coal in India.
3. It was established under the **Colliery Control Order, 1945**.
120
What are Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)?
Marketable securities that track an index and are traded on stock exchanges.
121
Q. Who developed the DHRUV64 microprocessor?
A. DHRUV64 was developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) as part of the Microprocessor Development Programme (MDP).
122
1. What are Semiconductors?
Semiconductors are materials whose electrical conductivity lies between conductors (copper) and insulators (rubber).
Common materials: Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs).
123
Q. What recent decision has the Union Home Ministry taken regarding ex-Agniveers?
A. The Union Home Ministry has enhanced reservation for ex-Agniveers in Group C posts of CAPFs from 10% to 50%.
note: Up to 25% of agniveers get absorbed into permanent cadres based on organisational requirements and policies.
123
How can conductivity be controlled?
Conductivity can be controlled by:
Doping (adding impurities)
Electric fields
Temperature
123
Why “Silicon” dominates?
Abundant
Stable oxide (SiO₂) → excellent insulation
Mature manufacturing ecosystem
124
Q. Where is the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre (GTMC) located?
A. Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
125
Q. What was the theme of the 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine?
A. “Restoring Balance for People and Planet: The Science and Practice of Well-Being.”
126
Q. What are all the laws governing anti-trafficking?
Laws governing anti-trafficking crimes
**The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 195**6 is targeted at stopping immoral trafficking and sex work. It went through two amendments, in 1978 and 1986.
**The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act,** 1986, prevents children from partaking in certain employments and regulates the conditions of work for children in other fields.
**The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976**, prohibits systems of labour where people, including children, work under conditions of servitude to pay off debt, and also provides a framework for rehabilitating released labourers.
**The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015**, which governs laws relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law.
**Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012**, which seeks to prevent commercial sexual exploitation of children.
India set up **Anti-Human Trafficking Units (AHTUs)** in 2007. AHTUs are tasked with;
Addressing the existing gaps in the law enforcement response,
Ensuring a victim-centric approach which ensures the ‘best interest of the victim/ survivor,
Prevents secondary victimization/ re-victimisation of the victim, and developing databases on traffickers.
T**he Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013,** revised Section 370 of the Indian Penal Code, which deals with buying and selling of any person as a slave, to include the concept of human trafficking. **
127
Q. What is the Agnipath Scheme?
A.
Launched in 2022
Recruits male and female aspirants below officer rank
Engagement period: 4 years
Recruits are called Agniveers
A. 17.5 to 21 years
128
Q. What scientific principle does a Doppler Weather Radar work on?
A. The Doppler Effect, discovered by Christian Doppler.
129
Q. What is the Doppler Effect?
A. The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave relative to an observer when the source of the wave is moving.
| ```
```
130
Q. What is the political system of the Netherlands?
Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy.`
131
What is autophagy?
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process through which **cells degrade** and recycle damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and pathogens.
The process involves the formation of double-membraned vesicles called autophagosomes, which engulf cellular waste and deliver it to lysosomes for degradation.
132
GI-tagged Indi Lime is from which state?
from Vijayapura, Karnataka
133
What is a tundra?
The tundra is a cold, treeless biome found in high-latitude (Arctic) and high-altitude (Alpine) regions.
134
Q. Which force has been designated as a Recognised Security Organisation (RSO) for ports?
A. The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has been designated as the Recognised Security Organisation (RSO) for ports.
135
Q. Which country will host the BRICS Summit in 2026?
A. India
135
Q. What is India’s current global economic rank and GDP size?
A. India is the 4th largest economy in the world with a nominal GDP of $4.18 trillion, having surpassed Japan.
136
What is the Impact of El Niño on India?
Weak or deficient Southwest Monsoon
Lower agricultural output (especially rain-fed crops)
Water stress and pressure on reservoirs
Potential rise in inflation (food prices)
136
What is the impact of El Nino Impact on Disasters?
More forest fires (SE Asia, Australia)
Increased cyclone activity in eastern Pacific
Reduced cyclones in Atlantic basin
137
What is the impact of El Nino on Temperature?
Rise in global average temperatures
Increased incidence of heatwaves
Contributes to record-breaking warm years
138
What is the Impact of El Nino on Agriculture
Reduced crop yields due to drought & heat stress
Affects food security and increases global food prices
Decline in fisheries due to reduced upwelling
139
What is the Impact of El Nino on Rainfall
Droughts: Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, parts of Africa
Excess rainfall/Floods: Western South America (Peru, Ecuador)
Disrupted monsoon systems worldwide
140
What is the impact of El Nino on Global climate?
Weakening of trade winds → abnormal warming of central & eastern Pacific
Shift in global atmospheric circulation (Walker circulation)
Increased frequency of extreme weather events
141
Q. Who is the host country for the SCO Summit 2026?
A. Kyrgyzstan
142
Q. Which country will host the ASEAN Summit in 2026?
A. Philippines
143
Q. Who will host the G20 Summit in 2026?
A. United States
144
Q. Which country is the host of the G7 Summit 2026?
A. France
145
Q. Who will host the APEC Summit in 2026?
A. China
146
Q. Which country will host the NATO Summit in 2026?
A. Türkiye (Turkey)
147
Q. Who is the host country for COP (UN Climate Conference) 2026?
A. Türkiye (Turkey)
148
148
148
148
149
150
my study portal 3
flashcards
Decks in class (16)
# Cards
-
current affairs502
-
current affairs #2195
-
january 2026396
-
february 202684
-
march 202692
-
April 202633
-
geography226
-
history66
-
polity23
-
art and culture: performing arts179
-
Constitution Articles9
-
Environment International Conventions I275
-
Environment International Conventions II35
-
Animals and animal habits21
-
Environment Measures (Other than conventions and legislations)22
-
Places in news8
