CVA

Question 1

What characteristics are associated with an MCA syndrome?

Answer 1

**LE more spared**

• Contralateral hemiplegia: face, UE, LE
• Contralateral hemisensory loss
• Impairment of consciousness
• Homonymous hemianopsia

Others (not always present)

• Motor speech involvement - nonfluent aphasia (dominant hemisphere)
• Perceptual deficit (non-dominant heimsphere)
• Loss of conjugate gaze to the opposite side
• Sensory ataxia

Question 2

What characteristics are associated with ACA syndrome?

Answer 2

**UE more spared**

• Contralateral hemiplegia: face, UE, LE
• Contralateral hemisensory loss
• Impairment of consciousness
• Homonymous hemianopsia

Others (not always present)

• Apraxia
• Akinetic Mutism

Question 3

What characteristics are associated with PCA syndrome?

Answer 3

**Contralateral Sensory Loss**

Others (not always present)

• Visual Agnosia
• Memory Defect
• Dyslexia

Question 4

What is Visual Agnosia?

Answer 4

A person can see but can not interpret visual cues.

Question 5

What characteristics are associated with a Lacunar stroke?

Answer 5

• Pure motor
• Contralateral hemiplegia
• No aphasia
• Visual field deficit rare

Question 6

What characteristics are associated with a midbrain lesion?

Answer 6

Contralateral hemiplegia

Question 7

What characteristics are associated with Locked-in Syndrome?

Answer 7

• Tetraplegia
• Lower bulbar paralysis (CN V-XII)
• Mutism (Anarthria)
• Preserved consciousness
• Preserved vertical eye movements and blinking

Question 8

What characteristics are associated with Medial Medullary Syndrome?

Answer 8

Ipsilateral to Lesion:

• Paralysis of half of tongue

Contralateral to Lesion:

• Hemiplegia UE & LE
• Impaired Sensation

Question 9

What characteristics are associated with Lateral Medullary Syndrome?

Answer 9

Ipsilateral to Lesion:

• Paralysis of half of tongue

Contralateral to Lesion:

• Hemiplegia UE & LE
• Impaired Sensation

Question 10

What are the characteristics of a CVA in the LEFT hemisphere?

Answer 10

• Weakness, paralysis of right side
• Increased frustration
• Decreased processing
• Possible aphasia (expressive, receptive, global)
• Possible dysphagia
• Possible motor apraxia (ideomotor or ideational)
• Decreased discrimination between left and right
• Right hemianopsia

Question 11

What are the characteristics of a CVA in the RIGHT hemisphere?

Answer 11

• Weakness, paralysis of the left side
• Decreased attention span
• Left hemianopsia
• Decreased awareness and judge
• Memory deficits
• Left inattention
• Decreased abstract reasoning
• Emotional liability
• Impulsive behaviors
• Decreased spatial orientation

Question 12

What are the characteristics of a CVA in the brainstem?

Answer 12

• Unstable vital signs
• Decreased consciousness
• Decreased ability to swallow
• Weakness on both sides of the body
• Paralysis on both sides of the body

Question 13

What are the characteristics of a CVA in the cerebellum?

Answer 13

• Decreased balance
• Ataxia
• Decreased coordination
• Decreased ability for postural adjustment
• Nystagmus