What is an Open Injury?
Direct penetration through skull into brain
What is a Closed Injury?
Injury to brain without penetration
What is a Coup Lesion?
- Direct lesion of under point of impact
- Local brain damage sustained
What is a Coutercoup Lesion?
- Injury on opposite side of brain
- Lesion due to rebound effect after impact
Levels of consciousness:
Coma
Unconscious to internal and external stimuli
Levels of consciousness:
Stupor
State of general unresponsiveness with arousal occurring from repeated stimuli
Levels of consciousness:
Obtundity
Sleep, reduced alertness to arousal and delayed responses to stimuli
Levels of consciousness:
Delirium
Disorientated, confused, agitated and loud
What is a Grade 1 concussion?
- No loss of consciousness
- Transient confusion
- Symptoms < 15 mins
- Full memory of the event
What is a Grade 2 concussion?
- Transient confusion
- Symptoms > 15 mins
- Retrograde & anterograde amnesia
- Poor concentration
- Remove immediately and have medical evaluation
- CT if symptoms worsen
What is a Grade 3 concussion?
- Loss of consciousness
- ER for full neuro evaluation
- Hospitalization if altered mental state
What are the characteristics of someone in Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:
Level I: No response
- Deep sleep
- Completely unresponsive
What are the characteristics of someone in Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:
Level III: Localized Response
- Reacts specifically but, inconsistently to stimuli
- Delayed response to simple commands
What are the characteristics of someone in Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:
Level VI: Confused-Appropriate
- Goal-directed behavior
- Simple directions
- Responses incorrect but appropriate
What are the characteristics of someone in Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:
Level VII: Automatic-Appropriate
- Appears appropriate and oriented
- Daily routine automatic
- Frequently robot-like
- Minimal to no confusion
- Carryover for tasks at decreased rate
What are the characteristics of someone in Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:
Level II: Generalized Response
- Reacts inconsistently and non-purposefully
What are the characteristics of someone in Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:
Level IV: Confused-Agitated
- Bizarre
- Non-purposeful
- Short attention span
What are the characteristics of someone in Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:
Level VIII: Purposeful-Appropriate
- Aware of and responsive to environment
- Decreases stress tolerance, poor abstract reasoning, and impaired emergency judgement
What are the characteristics of someone in Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning:
Level V: Confused-Inappropriate
- Responds to simple commands
- Highly distractible
- Lacks focus
- Inappropriate use of objects
- Memory severely impaired
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Brain Anatomy55
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Spinal Cord, ANS, CNS, Neurons52
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Cranial Nerves & Reflexes36
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CVA13
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Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)26
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Brachial Plexus20
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Lower Extremity Innervations12
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Normal & Abnormal Sensation Terms16
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UMN vs LMN Injury, Movement Disorder Terms, D1/D2 patterns26
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Vestibular16
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Communication Disorders13
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TBI & Concussion19
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Other Neuro Pathologies47
