D1.1 DNA replication

Question 1

Parent DNA

Answer 1

The original DNA that replicates

Question 2

Daughter DNA

Answer 2

The two identical strands of DNA that are created as a result of DNA synthesis.

Question 3

semi-conservative replication

Answer 3

in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new

Question 4

DNA replication

Answer 4

The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.

Question 5

Unwinding of DNA

Answer 5

Enzyme unzips the 2 strands so that they separate- results in 2 single strands of DNA

Question 6

Synthesis of DNA

Answer 6

loose nucleotides attached to separate strands of DNA via complementary base pairing.

Question 7

Ligation of DNA

Answer 7

DNA synthesis on lagging strand continues until it reaches previously synthesized DNA
DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA
DNA ligase seals nicks in the DNA

Question 8

Helicase

Answer 8

An enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands. Breaks the Hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.

Question 9

Topisomerase

Answer 9

works in front of helicase, helps prevent overwinding of DNA at the replication fork

Question 10

RNA primase

Answer 10

An enzyme that creates an RNA primer for initiation of DNA replication.

Question 11

DNA polymerase III

Answer 11

synthesizes new DNA only in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 12

DNA Polymerase I

Answer 12

Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5’ end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

Question 13

DNA ligase

Answer 13

an enzyme that eventually joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of the Okazaki fragments

Question 14

replication fork

Answer 14

A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.

Question 15

single strand binding proteins

Answer 15

A protein that binds to the unpaired DNA strands during DNA replication, stabilizing them and holding them apart while they serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA.

Question 16

leading strand

Answer 16

The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 17

lagging strand

Answer 17

A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction away from the replication fork.

Question 18

Okazaki fragments

Answer 18

Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand.

Question 19

5’ to 3’

Answer 19

direction of DNA replication

Question 20

What does DNA Ligase bond?

Answer 20

5’ phosphate and 3’ hydroxyl group

Question 21

Are daughter strands identical to the parent strand of DNA?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

Exon

Answer 22

expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein

Question 23

Intron

Answer 23

sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein

Question 24

What are some functions of noncoding regions (introns)?

Answer 24

Acting as a guide for producing tRNA and rRNA
Regulating gene expression as enhancers or silencers

Question 25

Telomeres

Answer 25

Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.

Question 26

gel electrophoresis

Answer 26

Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel.

Question 27

DNA Fluorescent sequencing

Answer 27

copies of DNA are placed in a test tube with replication enzymes. small amounts of dideoxyribonucleotides are added that have been fluorescently tagged. These lack a 3' -OH group, so replication halts after they are incorporated. The resulting strands are sorted using gel electrophoresis. The sequence of bases can be determined by the fluorescent pattern.

Question 28

short tandem repeats (STRs)

Answer 28

repeating sequences of noncoding DNA

Question 29

DNA profiling

Answer 29

A procedure that analyzes DNA fragments to determine whether they come from a specific individual.

Question 30

What are uses for DNA Profiling?

Answer 30

Establish paternal lineage by studying the Y-chromosome Establish maternal lineage by studying mitochondrial DNA Identify individuals by forensic testing