D4.1 Natural selection

Question 1

Natural selection is a _________ for evolution.

Answer 1

mechanism

Question 2

Things required for natural selection

Answer 2

Overproduction of offspring

Variation within the population

Struggle for survival -

Differential survival -

Reproduction -

Question 3

Differential survival

Answer 3

those individuals which are the best fit for their environment tend to survive better

Question 4

three main sources of variation in a species:

Answer 4

mutations in DNA(NEVER RNA)
meiosis
sexual reproduction

Question 5

why is meiosis a greater source of variation compared to mutations in DNA?

Answer 5

mutation rates are generally low and often do NOT affect the phenotype

Question 6

List 2 reasons that a DNA mutation would not result in a change.

Answer 6

The mutation is in non-coding DNA
OR
the nucleotide resulted in the same AA sequence

Question 7

How does meiosis enable variation?

Answer 7

random orientation during metaphase I.

crossing over during prophase 1

Question 8

If there is no variety in a population

Answer 8

the whole population either survives or it dies.

Question 9

How does sexual reproduction enable variety?

Answer 9

Meiosis
the fact that each egg and sperm are different, only one sperm reaches the egg

Question 10

How frequently an allele is found in a population can change due to….

Answer 10

changes in the environment ie selection pressures

Question 11

Why is the overproduction of offspring is important to natural selection?

Answer 11

is fosters competition which forces those who are fitter to survive

Question 12

carrying capacity (K).

Answer 12

The maximum number of individuals that an environment can provide for

Question 13

What is the main driving force of evolution?

Answer 13

change in the environment

Question 14

selection pressure

Answer 14

a factor that can influence the success of parts of a population, & thereby influence changes in allele frequencies.

Question 15

intraspecific competition

Answer 15

Competition between individuals of the same species

Question 16

are individuals with high fitness guaranteed success?

Answer 16

No, they just have a higher chance at is vs other less suited individuals

Question 17

Reproductive potential

Answer 17

the maximum number of offspring an organism can produce in the absence of offspring mortality.

Question 18

Do Acquired characteristics result in evoloutionary changes?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

reproductive success:

Answer 19

more offspring means more success, less offspring means less success.

Question 20

List a criteria for measuring long term success

Answer 20

reproductive success

Question 21

Sexual selection

Answer 21

A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.

Question 22

cryptic coloration

Answer 22

dull or dark colors that blend in

Question 23

Why is bright pigmentation attractive to female birds?

Answer 23

it shows that the male is healthy bc it takes energy and various minerals to appear that bright; it shows that the male can afford to use that nutrition towards the color instead of the immune system

Question 24

sexual dimorphism

Answer 24

morphological difference between males & females in adulthood when secondary sex characteristics develop

Question 25

intrasexual competition

Answer 25

Competition between males for access to females